大麥蟲(學名:Zophobas morio) ,又名超級麥皮蟲、超級麵包蟲,是大麥蟲屬下的一種甲蟲,其幼蟲是一種常見的爬行動物、鳥類和魚類飼料。大麥蟲幼蟲體長在50—60公釐(2.0—2.4英寸)之間,有六對足和一對退化的腹足,成年後變成有黑色外殼的甲蟲,可進行短距離飛行。但飼養箱中集中飼養的、有足夠食物的大麥蟲不會化蛹,想要其化蛹則必須要將其與同類隔離七至十日[1]。
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大麥蟲原產於南非及中非,1985年美國就已經開始人工繁殖,中國則從東南亞國家引入作為爬蟲類、鳥類及魚類的飼料。它與黃粉蟲(又稱麥皮蟲)很像,但比黃粉蟲長2至3倍,故得名「超級麥皮蟲」。此外其營養價值也超過黃粉蟲。早期它主要用來餵養銀龍魚等名貴魚類,後來其養殖技術逐漸成熟,價格降低,加上個體大、營養豐富等優點而迅速成為常用活體餌料[2]。
餵養大麥蟲時主要使用麥麩。大麥蟲的排泄物,即大麥蟲糞沙或大麥蟲沙,可用作有機肥料[3]。
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Young beetle
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Adult beetle
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Pinned adult specimen
吳世豪,特養新寵——大麥蟲,《農家科技》2008年04期
蒙健宗、潘紅平、韋珂,大麥蟲沙栽培秀珍菇試驗研究,《中國食用菌》2011年03期
- Freye, Henry B.; Esch, Robert E.; Litwin, Catherine M.; Sorkin, Louis. Anaphylaxis to the Ingestion and Inhalation of Tenebrio molitor (Mealworm) and Zophobas morio (Superworm). Allergy and Asthma Proceedings. 1 July 1996, 17 (4): 215–9. PMID 8871741. doi:10.2500/108854196778996903.
- Leung, Dong; Yang, Depo; Li, Zhuoxue; Zhao, Zhimin; Chen, Jianping; Zhu, Longping. Biodiesel from Zophobas morio Larva Oil: Process Optimization and FAME Characterization. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 5 January 2012, 51 (2): 1036–1040. doi:10.1021/ie201403r.
- Prado, R. A.; Santos, C. R.; Kato, D. I.; Murakami, M. T.; Viviani, V. R. The dark and bright sides of an enzyme: a three dimensional structure of the N-terminal domain of Zophobas morio luciferase-like enzyme, inferences on the biological function and origin of oxygenase/luciferase activity. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. 2016, 15 (5): 654–665. PMID 27101527. doi:10.1039/C6PP00017G.
- Latney, La'Toya V.; Toddes, Barbara D.; Wyre, Nicole R.; Brown, Dorothy C.; Michel, Kathryn E.; Briscoe, Johanna A. Effects of various diets on the calcium and phosphorus composition of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor larvae) and superworms (Zophobas morio larvae). American Journal of Veterinary Research. February 2017, 78 (2): 178–185. PMID 28140633. doi:10.2460/ajvr.78.2.178.