girl

參見：Girl

英语

英語維基百科有一篇文章關於：

girl

維基百科 ^en

其他形式

• girle, gyrle (棄用)
• gal (口語)
• guhrl, gurl (非標準)
• grrrl, grrl (俚語)

词源

A group of girls in Sri Lanka.
斯里兰卡的一群女孩。

源自中古英語 gerle、girle、gyrle (“任何性别的年轻人”)，之后的来源不详。可能是源自古英語 *gyrle、*gyrele，源自原始日耳曼語 *gurwilaz，原始日耳曼語 *gurwijaz的一个指小词形式（比较北弗里斯蘭語 gör (“女孩”)、低地德語 Gör、Göre (“任何性别的孩子”)、德語 Göre (“孩童”)、方言挪威語 gorre、方言瑞典語 garre、gurre (“小孩”)），源自原始印歐語 *ǵʰer- (“短的”)^[1]（对比古愛爾蘭語 gair (“短的”)、古希臘語 χρεώ (khreṓ, “需要”)、χρήσθαι (khrḗsthai, “需要”)、梵語 ह्रस्व (hrasva, “短的，小的”)）。

发音

• (標準英音) 國際音標^(幫助)：/ɡɜːl/, (弃用) /ɡɛəl/
• (通用美式) 國際音標^(幫助)：/ɡɝl/

• （美）音频：

  (檔案)

• (新西蘭) 國際音標^(幫助)：/ɡɵːl/, [ɡʏw]
• 韻部：-ɜː(ɹ)l
• 同音詞：Guirl

名词

girl (可數 和 不可數，複數 girls)

1. 女孩，姑娘
2. （雌性的）小动物
3. (有時冒犯意)姑娘，小姐
4. 女服务员，女仆（见用法说明）
5. (罕用，撲克) Q，王后
6. (口語) （爱称）姑娘（见用法说明）
   • 1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, pp. 8–9:

     'Now, girls,' continued Healey, 'you're very high-spirited and that's as it should be but I won't have you getting out of hand...' Setting a spatted foot on the bench that ran down the middle of the changing-room with elegant distain, Adrian began to flip through the pile of Y-fronts and rugger shorts with his cane.

7. 女朋友
   • 1922, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Girl from Hollywood

     There isn't any guy going to steal my girl!

   • 1996, Elizabeth Wong, Kimchee and Chitlins: A Serious Comedy about Getting Along，頁號 74:

     I took my girl to the cinema to watch your American movies.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

8. 女儿

   Your girl turned up on our doorstep.

   你女儿突然出现在我们的门阶那。

9. (英國，方言，已弃用) （两岁大的）雄狍
10. (美國，俚語，不可數) （尤指粉末状的）可卡因，古柯碱
    • 1969, Iceberg Slim, Pimp: The Story of My Life, Cash Money Content (2011), ISBN 9781451617139, page 43:

      She had taught me to snort girl, and almost always when I came to her pad, there would be thin sparkling rows of crystal cocaine on the glass top of the cocktail table.

    • 1977, Odie Hawkins, Chicago Hustle, Holloway House (1987), ISBN 0870673661, page 175:

      Elijah nodded congenially to the early evening regulars in the Afro Lounge, headed straight for the telephone hung midway between the mens and womens, his nose smarting from a couple thick lines of recently snorted girl.

    • 2005, K'wan, Hoodlum, St. Martin's Press (2005), ISBN 0312333080, page 185:

      After about an hour or two of half-ass sex and snorting girl, Honey was zoned out. […] She flexed her still numb fingers, trying to find a warmth that didn't seem to come. Cocaine always made her numb.

11. (较为儿语) 雌性的物种（比如树等）
    • 1950, Pageant:

      Are there “boy” trees and “girl” trees? Yes. A number of species, among them the yew, holly and date-bearing palm, have their male and female flowers on different trees. The male holly, for instance, must be planted fairly close to the female ...

    • 1970 [earlier 1963], Helen V. Wilson, Helen Van Pelt, Helen Van Pelt's African Violets, Dutton Adult (ISBN 9780801538582):

      Of the 100 percent total, 25 will have two girl genes, 50 will have one boy and one girl gene, and 25 will have two boy genes.

    • 1972, GSN Gesneriad Saintpaulia News: African Violets, Gloxinias, Other Gesneriads and Exotic Plants:

      When there are two "girl" genes the plant is a girl dwarf.

12. (貶義) 娘炮，娘娘腔，娘们

    近義詞：Jessie、sissy、wimp

    Don't be such a girl!

    别跟个娘们儿似的！

用法说明

• (任何年龄的女性)： 成年人称呼成熟女性为“girl”可能会根据语境和听话人的观念而被认为是褒义或者贬义。某些情况下，这种词义被用作处女的委婉用词，来将处女和已经有过性交经历的女性区分开。即使“girl”在大部分时候不会刻意用来表达贬义，但还是有一种高人一等的语气，特别是称呼比自己年龄大的人时。
• (爱称)： 当用作爱称时，有时可以对男性使用，比如在同性恋群体内。

同义词

• (女孩)： 见Thesaurus:girl
• (女性的指小词)： girlie、lass、lassie
• (女儿)： 见 daughter
• (女服务员，女仆)： char、charlady、charwoman、maid、maiden、maidservant、womanservant
• (可卡因，古柯碱)： 见Thesaurus:cocaine

反义词

• (女孩)： 见Thesaurus:boy

衍生词汇

• attagirl
• baby girl
• ball girl
• bar girl
• B-girl
• big girl's blouse
• birthday girl
• Bond girl
• boys and girls
• bunny girl
• busgirl
• business girl
• call girl
• career girl
• choir girl
• college girl
• comfort girl
• cover girl
• cowgirl
• dancing girl
• daygirl
• diamonds are a girl's best friend
• dirty girl
• Essex girl
• flower girl
• fluff girl
• gal
• girl band
• girl-boy
• girlcott
• girl crazy
• girl Friday
• girl friend, girlfriend
• girl group
• Girl Guides
• girlhood
• girlie
• girlie girl
• girlish
• girllove
• girllover
• girl power
• Girl Scouts
• girl talk
• girl wonder
• girly
• girly girl
• golden girl
• grid girl
• grrrl
• hello girl
• homegirl
• It girl
• Jersey girl
• lift girl
• little girl
• lovergirl
• manic pixie dream girl
• nautch girl
• newsgirl
• old girl
• paper girl
• party girl
• poster girl
• pot-girl
• ring girl
• riot grrrl
• salesgirl
• sarong party girl
• schoolgirl
• shopgirl
• showgirl
• sky girl
• slave-girl
• street girl
• sweater girl
• the girl next door
• valley girl
• walk-on girl
• working girl
• young girl

 

Template:Lookfrom

后代词汇

• → 匈牙利語: görl
• → 日語: ガール (gāru)

参考

1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, s.v. "girl" (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2002).

动词

girl (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 girls，現在分詞 girling，一般過去時及過去分詞 girled)

1. (及物) 女性化，将...当作女孩或女性
   • 2005, Leerom Medovoi, Rebels: Youth and the Cold War Origins of Identity，頁號 293:

     Quite different is the way in which the tomboy girled the rebel narrative. In recent years, queer theorists have taken a deep interest in the tomboy as a prefigure for the butch dyke.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2011, Stephanie Harzewski, Chick Lit and Postfeminism:

     One can argue that the genre “yuppified” the popular romance novel or perhaps “girled” the not especially gender-specific concept of the young urban professional.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2. (较为非正式)给...配以女孩作为工作人员等
   • 1949, The New Yorker:

     Making our way past a one-girl switchboard temporarily girled by two frantic operators, we found the victorious president, Elliott A. Bowles, barely visible behind a heap of telegrams [...]

   • 1961, The Georgia Review:

     Her first shock came when the ship on which she and her husband arrived was met by three boats “girled” by “great, splendid creatures, as tall as our millionaires' tallest daughters, and as strong-looking as any of our college-girl athletes,” ...

   • 1986, Marcus Cunliffe, The Literature of the United States, New York, N.Y., U.S.A. : Penguin Books (ISBN 9780140225143):

     She and her Altrurian diplomat husband, arriving there by sea, are greeted by flower-laden boats, each not manned, but girled by six rowers, who pulled as true a stroke as I ever saw.

   • 2009, Linda Howard, Night Moves: Dream Man/After the Night, Simon and Schuster (ISBN 9781439188002), page 220:

     To her disappointment, the chatty Carlene DuBois wasn't behind the desk; instead it was manned—or girled—by a frothy little blonde who barely looked old enough to be out of high school.

参见

• miss

异序词

• LIRG, gril