麻黄属学名Ephedra)是麻黄科Ephedraceae)的唯一,约67[1],分布在亚洲美洲、东南欧洲北非等干旱和荒漠地区,有12种,主要生长在干旱山地和荒漠中。

Quick Facts 麻黄属, 科学分类 ...
麻黄属
Thumb
蛇麻黄Ephedra distachya
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
门: 买麻藤门 Gnetophyta
纲: 买麻藤纲 Gnetopsida
目: 麻黄目 Ephedrales
科: 麻黄科 Ephedraceae
属: 麻黄属 Ephedra
L.

(见内文)

Thumb
异名
  • Baicarpus G.Han, X.-P.Fu, Z.-J.Liu & X.Wang, 2013
  • Chaetocladus J.Nelson
Close

本属植物灌木或亚灌木;多分枝,小枝对生或轮生,绿色;单对生,通常退化为膜质的鞘;单性,雌雄异株,雄花有2-4裂的假花被,雌花有一个顶端开口的囊状假花被,发育成革质假种皮;果实为假浆果状。

本属植物多数含有生物碱,可以入药,其中最著名的麻黄E.sinica Stapf)是重要药材。此外可以固沙保土,麻黄果可以食用。传统上本植物属于裸子植物门,但比裸子植物进化,木质部有导管,孢子叶球有盖被,最新的分类将其单独列为一个

Thumb
麻黄生药

下级分类

  • 膜果麻黄组 Sect. Alatae Stapf
  • 麻黄组 Sect. Ephedra

下属物种

本科包括以下属:[2]

  • Ephedra alata Decne.
  • Ephedra alata Schimp. ex Carrière, 1855
  • Ephedra altissima Desf.
  • Ephedra americana Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
  • Ephedra antisyphilitica Berland. ex C.A.Mey.
  • Ephedra aphylla Forssk.
  • Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Watson
  • Ephedra aurantiaca Takht. & Pachom.
  • Ephedra aurea Brullo, C.Brullo, Cambria, Ilardi, Siracusa & Giusso, 2022
  • Ephedra boelckei F.A.Roig
  • Ephedra botschantzevii Pachom.
  • Ephedra breana Phil.
  • Ephedra brevifoliata Ghahr.
  • 加州麻黄 Ephedra californica S.Watson
  • Ephedra campulopoda DC., 1868
  • 诚氏麻黄 Ephedra chengiae Y.Yang & D.K.Ferguson[3]
    • 刺枝麻黄 Ephedra chengiae var. spinosa Y.Yang & D.K.Ferguson[3]
  • Ephedra chilensis C.Presl
  • Ephedra compacta Rose
  • Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed
  • Ephedra cutleri Peebles
  • Ephedra dahurica Turcz.
  • Ephedra dawuensis Y.Yang
  • Ephedra distachya Brot., 1805
  • Ephedra distachya Cladera et al., 2007
  • Ephedra distachya Forssk., 1775
  • Ephedra distachya Gaudin
  • Ephedra distachya L.
  • Ephedra distachya Vill., 1789
  • 木贼麻黄 Ephedra equisetina Bunge
  • Ephedra fasciculata A.Nelson
  • 雌雄麻黄 Ephedra fedtschenkoae Paulsen
  • Ephedra fedtschenkoi Paulsen, 1904
  • Ephedra foeminea Forssk.
  • Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A.Mey.
  • Ephedra fragilis Desf.
  • Ephedra fragilis Fresen.
  • Ephedra fragilis Lowe, 1860
  • Ephedra frustillata Miers
  • Ephedra funerea Coville & C.V.Morton
  • 山岭麻黄 Ephedra gerardiana Wall.
  • Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Florin, 1933
  • Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Klotzsch & Garcke
  • Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Stapf
  • Ephedra gracilis Phil. ex Stapf
  • Ephedra holoptera Riedl
  • 中麻黄 Ephedra intermedia Schrenk & C.A.Mey.
  • Ephedra kardangensis P.Sharma & P.L.Uniyal
  • Ephedra khurikensis P.Sharma & P.L.Uniyal
  • Ephedra laristanica Assadi
  • 斑子麻黄 Ephedra lepidosperma
  • 丽江麻黄 Ephedra likiangensis Florin
  • Ephedra lomatolepis Schrenk
  • Ephedra major Host
  • Ephedra major Puller
  • Ephedra milleri Freitag & Maier-St.
  • 矮麻黄 Ephedra minuta Florin
  • 单子麻黄 Ephedra monosperma J.G.Gmel. ex C.A.Mey.
  • Ephedra monostachya Guss.
  • Ephedra monostachya Willd., 1806
  • Ephedra multiflora Phil. ex Stapf
  • Ephedra nevadensis S.Watson
  • Ephedra ochreata Miers
  • Ephedra oxyphylla Riedl
  • Ephedra pachyclada Boiss.
  • Ephedra pangiensis Rita Singh & P.Sharma
  • Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Watson
  • Ephedra pentandra Pachom.
  • Ephedra procera C.A.Mey.
  • 膜果麻黄 Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
  • Ephedra pseudodistachya Pachom.
  • 细子麻黄 Ephedra regeliana Florin
  • Ephedra rhytidosperma Pachom.
  • Ephedra rituensis Y.Yang, D.Z.Fu & G.H.Zhu
  • Ephedra rupestris Benth.
  • Ephedra sarcocarpa Aitch. & Hemsl.
  • 藏麻黄 Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
  • 草麻黄 Ephedra sinica Stapf
  • Ephedra somalensis Freitag & Maier-St.
  • Ephedra strobilacea Bunge
  • Ephedra sumlingensis P.Sharma & P.L.Uniyal
  • Ephedra texana C.F.Reed, 1935
  • Ephedra tilhoana Maire
  • Ephedra torreyana S.Watson
  • Ephedra transitoria Riedl
  • Ephedra triandra Tul.
  • Ephedra trifurca Parry
  • Ephedra trifurca Torr.
  • Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S.Watson
  • Ephedra trifurcata Zöllner
  • Ephedra tweediana C.A.Mey.
  • Ephedra tweedieana C.A.Mey.
  • Ephedra viridis Coville
  • Ephedra vvedenskyi Pachom.
  • Ephedra yangthangensis P.Sharma & Rita Singh
归入本属的物种:
  • Ephedra ×arenicola H.C.Cutler
  • Ephedra ×eleutherolepis V.A.Nikitin

参考文献

外部链接

Wikiwand in your browser!

Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.

Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.

Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.