拉尔夫·沃恩·威廉斯,OM(英语:Ralph Vaughan Williams,1872年10月12日—1958年8月26日),英国作曲家。他亦是英国民歌的收集者。
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生平
沃恩·威廉斯出生于格洛斯特郡的下安普尼,而其父亚瑟·沃恩·威廉斯则是一名副主教。父亲逝世后,他在1875年被其母亲玛格丽特·苏珊·威奇伍德(Margaret Susan Wedgwood,1843–1937,陶瓷家约书亚·威奇伍德之曾孙女)照顾,并于其位于市北处的利斯山地方的家庭同住。达尔文为威廉斯的伯叔,两者间颇有关系。 拉尔夫(Rayf[1])于是被称作尊贵而聪明的中上阶级,但他没有视以为自然,仍努力不懈为其相信的民主和自由观念奋斗[2]。
作为一个学生,他学习钢琴,“但我永不懂弹奏,而小提琴则是我音乐的拯救”。中学毕业之后,进入皇家音乐学院,然后进入剑桥大学三一学院学习音乐史,后又回到皇家音乐学院学习作曲。
1909年赴巴黎,就教于莫里斯·拉威尔,为拉威尔唯一的门徒。
他的音乐创作成就很晚,直到30岁他的一首名叫《Linden Lea》歌曲才成为他的第一个发表作品。他把很多精力用于收集民歌。
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作品节选
沃恩·威廉斯的大部分作品皆由牛津大学出版社所出版,该社在2022年10月12日(即作曲家一百五十岁诞辰)宣布将一批文献赠与大英博物馆,其内容包括总谱誊稿、订正文件,以及指挥首演使用的演奏指示等。[3]以下依美国国会图书分类法排序,列举他的部分作品:
- 管风琴
- Three Preludes on Welsh Hymntunes(Bryn Calfaria, Rhosymedre, Hyfrydol)(1920)
- A Wedding Tune for Ann(1943)
- Two Organ Preludes(The White Rock, St. David's Day)(1956)
- The Old Hundredth Psalm-Tune(?)
- 室内乐及乐器
- c小调弦乐五重奏(小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴及钢琴)(1903)
- g小调第1弦乐四重奏(1908)
- a小调第2弦乐四重奏(1942-44)
- 《五重奏幻想曲》Phantasy Quintet(2小提琴、中提琴及2大提琴)(1912)
- 《六首英国民歌练习曲》Six Studies in English Folk-Song(大提琴及钢琴)(1926)
- 《三首以威尔士曲调而写成的前奏曲》Three Preludes on Welsh Hymn Tunes(管风琴)(1956)
- 为中提琴及钢琴的浪漫曲(日子不详)
- 交响曲
- 《在郊野的沼泽上》(In the Fen Country,1904)
- 《第1诺福克幻想曲》(Norfolk Rhapsody No. 1,1906,1914修订)
- 《黄蜂》,阿里斯托芬式组曲(The Wasps,1909)
- 《泰利斯主题幻想曲》(Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis;1910,1913及1919修订)
- 《绿袖子幻想曲》(Fantasia on "Greensleeves",1934)
- 《迪夫与拉沙罗的五个变奏曲》(Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus,1939)
- 《大协奏曲》(Concerto Grosso,1950)
- 协奏曲
- 钢琴
- C大调钢琴协奏曲(1926-31)
- 双钢琴协奏曲(1946,为上者之重制)
- 小提琴
- 《云雀高飞》(The Lark Ascending,为小提琴和管弦乐所作,1914)
- 《学院协奏曲》(Concerto Accademico,为小提琴和管弦乐所作,1924-25)
- 中提琴
- 《田野之花》(Flos Campi,中提琴、无词合唱团、小型乐队,1925)
- 《中提琴及小型管弦乐套曲》(Suite for Viola and Small Orchestra,1936-38)
- 双簧管协奏曲,a小调,(双簧管及弦乐器,1944)
- 为钢琴、合唱团和交响乐团所写的《为诗篇104篇而写的幻想曲(类近变奏曲)》(Fantasia(quasi variazione) on the Old 104th Psalm Tune,1949)
- 为口琴及乐队所写的《降D大调浪漫曲》(Romance in D flat for harmonica and orchestra,1951,为拉利阿德勒Larry Adler所作)
- f小调大号协奏曲(Concerto for Bass Tuba,1954)
- 管乐团
- 《英国民歌组曲》"English Folk Song Suite"(1923)
- Toccata Marziale for military band(1924)
- Flourish for Wind Band(1939)
- Sea Songs
- Overture: Henry V for brass band
- Variations for brass band(1957)
- 歌剧
- Hugh the Drover或Love in the Stocks(1910-20)
- Sir John in Love(约翰爵士谈恋爱1924-28),即其创作之绿袖子主题幻想曲的来源。
- The Poisoned Kiss(1927-29,修订版为1936-37及1956-57)
- Riders to the Sea(海上骑士、骑马入海的人,1925-32),由约翰·沁孤之剧本改编。
- The Pilgrim's Progress(天路历程,1909-51),基于约翰·本仁之托寓诗
- Old King Cole(大王科尔,1923)
- Job, a masque for dancing(假面舞剧《约伯》,1930)
- 合唱
- Toward the Unknown Region, song for chorus and orchestra, setting of Walt Whitman(1906)
- Five Mystical Songs for baritone, chorus and orchestra, settings of George Herbert(1911)
- Fantasia on Christmas Carols for baritone, chorus, and orchestra(1912; arranged also for reduced orchestra of organ, strings, percussion)
- Mass in G小调 for unaccompanied choir(1922)
- Sancta Civitas(The Holy City) oratorio, text mainly from the Book of Revelation(1923-25)
- Te Deum in G(1928)
- Benedicite for soprano, chorus, and orchestra(1929)
- In Windsor Forest, adapted from the opera Sir John in Love(1929)
- Three Choral Hymns(1929)
- Magnificat for contralto, women's chorus, and orchestra(1932)
- Five Tudor Portraits for contralto, baritone, chorus, and orchestra(1935)
- Dona nobis pacem,沃特·卫特曼词及其他(1936)
- Festival Te Deum for chorus and orchestra or organ(1937)
- Serenade to Music for sixteen solo voices and orchestra, a setting of Shakespeare(1938)
- A Song for Thanksgiving(原作 Thanksgiving for Victory) for narrator, soprano solo, children's chorus, mixed chorus, and orchestra(1944)
- An Oxford Elegy for narrator, mixed chorus and small orchestra(1949)
- Three Shakespeare Songs ,为SATB没有伴奏的,用作共和联邦国家音乐竞赛(The British Federation of Music Festivals National Competitive Festival ,1951)
- Hodie, a Christmas oratorio(1954)
- Folk songs of the Four Seasons for unaccompanied SSA chorus.
- Epithalamion for baritone solo, chorus, flute, piano, and strings(1957)
- Numerous hymns, some of which were first published in the English Hymnal of 1906, of which Vaughan Williams was the musical editor, collaborating with Percy Dearmer.
- 声乐
- "Linden Lea",歌(1901)
- The House of Life(1904)
- Songs of Travel(1904)
- "The Sky Above The Roof"(1908)
- On Wenlock Edge, song cycle for tenor, piano and string quartet(1909)
- Along the Field, for tenor and violin
- Three Poems by Walt Whitman for baritone and piano(1920)
- Four Poems by Fredegond Shove: for baritone and piano(1922)
- Four Hymns for Tenor, Viola and Strings(1914)
- Merciless Beauty for tenor, two violins, and cello
- Four Last Songs(Vaughan Williams)|Four Last Songs to poems of Ursula Vaughan Williams
- Ten William Blake|Blake songs, song cycle for high voice and oboe(1957)
- 电影、电台、电视配乐
- 49th Parallel, 1940, his first, talked into it by Muir Mathieson to assuage his guilt at being able to do nothing for the war-effort
- Coastal Command(film)|Coastal Command, 1942[4]
- BBC改编本The Pilgrim's Progress, 1942
- The People's Land, 1943
- The Story of a Flemish Farm, 1943
- Stricken Peninsula, 1945
- The Loves of Joanna Godden, 1946
- Scott of the Antarctic(1948 film)|Scott of the Antarctic, 1948, partially reused for his Symphony No. 7 Sinfonia Antartica
参见
参考资料
外部链接
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