锺琴堡战役(法语:Bataille de Fort Carillon)或称1758年提康德罗加战役[4]发生于1758年7月8日,是英法北美战争中的一场战役(是七年战争中的一个战区)。这场战役发生于锺琴堡附近尚普兰湖的湖岸边,该地位于英国殖民地纽约和法国殖民地新法兰西的边境地带。
此战发生于距离堡垒约一公里的地区,一支约3,600人的法国部队在蒙卡尔姆侯爵和莱维斯骑士的指挥下,击败了一支在数量上占尽优势的英国部队。英军指挥官阿伯克龙比在不使用野战炮的情况下,正面攻击法军坚固的防线,这个错误导致英军变得极为脆弱,让法国取得了完全的胜利。 这场战斗是七年战争北美战场中最血腥的战斗,双方有超过3,000人伤亡。法军约损失400人, 而英军损失超过2,000人。[5]
美国历史学家劳伦斯·吉普森对阿伯克龙比的行动评价为:“从没有任何一场发生于美国领土的战役,比这场战役更涉及到责任者的判断错误”。[6] 许多军事史学家将锺琴堡战役视为战术无能的典型。[7] 阿伯克龙比对速胜充满信心,忽视了数个可行的选择,如对法军的胸墙进行侧翼机动,等待炮兵抵达或围攻保垒。但他反而倚靠一位年轻的军事工程师有缺陷的报告,并忽视了工程师的建议,他决定在没有火炮的情况下,对法军坚固的阵地发动正面进攻。蒙卡尔姆此时虽担心阵地的防御不足,但依然全心抵御。
这座堡垒在次年被守军放弃,并被英军占领,自此以后以提康德罗加堡为名。此场战斗使这个堡垒有坚不可摧的名声,对该区域未来的军事行动有深远影响。在英法北美战争和美国独立战争中,此区域都有过数场交战,但此场战斗是唯一一场主要战场位于堡垒附近的。
Nester (2008), pp. 162–164 lists a variety of historically critical sources, and also rebuts a number of attempted defenses of Abercrombie.
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- Anderson, Fred. Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766. New York: Vintage Books. 2000. ISBN 978-0-375-70636-3. OCLC 253943947.
- Chartrand, René. Ticonderoga 1758: Montcalm's Victory Against All Odds. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 2000. ISBN 1-84176-093-5.
- Fraser, Alistair B. The Flags of Canada: Quebec. 1998 [2009-05-10]. (原始内容存档于1 April 2009).
- Furneaux, Rupert. The Battle of Saratoga. New York: Stein and Day. 1971. ISBN 0-8128-1305-7. OCLC 134959.
- Grossman, Mark. World Military Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary. Infobase Publishing. 1 January 2007 [26 July 2015]. ISBN 978-0-8160-7477-8. (原始内容存档于2022-03-15).
- Gipson, Lawrence Henry. The British Empire before the American Revolution, Volume 7. New York: Knopf. 1965. OCLC 399957.
- Holden, James Austin; Wickes, Frank B. The Campaign of 1758: New Historical Light on the Real Burial Place of George Augustus Lord Viscount Howe. Albany, New York: New York State Historical Association. 1911. OCLC 66271728. This work includes a printing of Abercrombie's dispatch describing the battle.
- Kingsford, William. The History of Canada, Volume 4. Toronto: Roswell & Hutchinson. 1890. OCLC 3676642.
- Lonergan, Carroll Vincent. Ticonderoga, Historic Portgage. Ticonderoga, New York: Fort Mount Hope Society Press. 1959. OCLC 2000876.
- Mante, Thomas. The History Of The Late War In North America And The Islands Of The West Indies: Including the Campaigns of 1763 to 1764 Against His Majesty's Indian Enemies. Kessinger. 2005 [1772] [2022-03-12]. ISBN 978-1-4191-7814-6. (原始内容存档于2015-10-29).
- Nester, William. The Epic Battles of the Ticonderoga, 1758. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-7914-7321-4. OCLC 105469157. (原始内容存档于2007-10-06).
- Parkman, Francis. France and England in North America: A Series of Historical Narratives, Volume 2. Boston: Little, Brown. 1884. OCLC 2886071.
- Stewart, David. Sketches of the Character, Manners and Present State of the Highlanders of Scotland; with details of The Military Service of The Highland Regiments, Volume 1 3rd. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable. 1825. OCLC 1296777.
- National Flags and Emblems of Quebec. Government of Québec. [2009-02-26]. (原始内容存档于2008-06-11).