海乌姆诺灭绝营

海乌姆诺
海乌姆诺
灭绝营
	1990年在营内建立的纪念碑
	海乌姆诺灭绝营在波兰的位置
知名于	犹太人大屠杀
位置	波兰总督府内尔河畔海乌姆诺
原用途	种族灭绝
运行时间	1941年12月8日–1943年3月; 1944年6月–1945年1月18日
毒气室数	3
囚犯类型	主要为犹太人
死亡	约152,000–340,000
解放	苏军，1945年1月20日

海乌姆诺灭绝营，德国称之为库尔姆霍夫灭绝营（德语：Vernichtungslager Kulmhof），是纳粹德国设在波兰罗兹外50公里内尔河畔海乌姆诺村的灭绝营，该村镇历史上曾属德国，名为库尔姆霍夫（Kulmhof）。1939年波兰战役后，该地被德国控制，成为瓦尔特兰行政区。海乌姆诺灭绝营曾分两阶段运营：第一阶段为1941年12月8日–1943年3月，这段时间内屠杀了大量的犹太人；另一阶段为1944年6月–1945年1月18日抵抗苏军反击时。该营主要为灭绝罗兹犹太区的波兰犹太人而建造。^[2]在这两阶段的中间时期，集中营的杀人方式有所修改，1943年拆除了集中营的部分设施。^[3]

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参考资料

[1]
USHMM. Chelmno (permission granted to be reused, in whole or in part, on Wikipedia; OTRS ticket no. 2007071910012533 confirmed). Holocaust Encyclopedia. Copyright © United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC. May 11, 2012 [May 12, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-22）. Text from USHMM has been released under the GFDL. The Museum can offer no guarantee that the information is correct in each circumstance.
[2]
Main Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland, German Crimes in Poland (Warsaw: 1946, 1947) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Archive of Jewish Gombin Genealogy, with introduction by Leon Zamosc. Note: The Main (or Central) Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland (波兰语：Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce（波兰语：Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce）, GKBZNwP) founded in 1945 was the predecessor of the Institute of National Remembrance (see also the Internet Archive). Quote: "The Main Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against the Polish Nation - The Institute of National Memory... has a fifty years long history (1995). The creation of the Main Commission... was preceded by work done in London since 1943 by the 波兰流亡政府."
[3]
Claude Lanzmann, Shoah (1985) documentary.

外部链接

Resources about Chełmno （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） on the Yad Vashem website
Chełmno (permission granted to be reused, in whole or in part, on Wikipedia; OTRS ticket no. 2007071910012533 confirmed). Holocaust Encyclopedia. © United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. [26 July 2007]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-22）. Text from USHMM has been released under the GFDL. The Museum can offer no guarantee that the information is correct in each circumstance.

[ushmm.org-Chelmno-1] [1]
USHMM. Chelmno (permission granted to be reused, in whole or in part, on Wikipedia; OTRS ticket no. 2007071910012533 confirmed). Holocaust Encyclopedia. Copyright © United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC. May 11, 2012 [May 12, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-22）. Text from USHMM has been released under the GFDL. The Museum can offer no guarantee that the information is correct in each circumstance.

[comm-2] [2]
Main Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland, German Crimes in Poland (Warsaw: 1946, 1947) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Archive of Jewish Gombin Genealogy, with introduction by Leon Zamosc. Note: The Main (or Central) Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland (波兰语：Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce（波兰语：Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce）, GKBZNwP) founded in 1945 was the predecessor of the Institute of National Remembrance (see also the Internet Archive). Quote: "The Main Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against the Polish Nation - The Institute of National Memory... has a fifty years long history (1995). The creation of the Main Commission... was preceded by work done in London since 1943 by the 波兰流亡政府."

[Shoah_1985-3] [3]
Claude Lanzmann, Shoah (1985) documentary.

[2]

[3]

[1]