布拉莫斯导弹

布拉莫斯
布拉莫斯
	BrahMos 和 Brahmos-M 在2014年陆、海暨国土安全展览上展示, 新德里.
类型	超音速巡航导弹
原产地	印度; 俄罗斯
服役记录
服役期间	2006年-现在
使用方	印度陆军; 印度海军; 印度空军
生产历史
生产商	国防研究及发展组织印度; 切洛梅设计局俄罗斯
制造数量	3,500
衍生型	陆基发射 ; 潜舰发射 ; 空中发射 ; BrahMos-II
基本规格
重量	3,000 kg; 2,500 kg (空中发射)
长度	8.4 米
直径	0.6 m
弹头	200-300公斤装药常规半穿甲弹头和核子弹头
发动机	第一阶段: 固态推进剂火箭助推器 ; 第二阶段：液态燃料冲压推进器
作战范围	300~500 km
射高	15 km
飞行高度	掠海飞行, 最低3-4米
速度	2.8 - 3.0 马赫
制导系统	中段导引使用 INS; 终段导引使用 homing radar seeker ; 爬升段使用 GPS/GLONASS
精度	1 m
发射平台	船舰, 潜舰, 飞机和陆基移动式发射台

布拉莫斯 (印地语：ब्रह्मोस, 俄语：Брамос)是一型中程的超音速巡航导弹，有陆基、海基、潜舰、空中多种发射方式，用于陆攻和反舰作战。由印度国防研究及发展组织（DRDO）和俄罗斯的切洛梅设计局合作成立的布拉莫斯航太公司（英语：BrahMos Aerospace）所研发。^[6]名字来源于印度的布拉马普特拉河和莫斯科河。它的原型是“宝石”P-800导弹。

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2001年6月，陆基版本在奥里萨邦巴拉索尔的综合试验场成功试射。^[7]

2008年3月，海基发射架版本在拉杰普特号驱逐舰（英语：INS Rajput (D51)）（D51）上成功试射。^[8]^[9]同年12月，海基垂直发射版本在兰沃号导弹驱逐舰（英语：INS Ranvir (D54)）（D54）上成功试射。^[10]

2013年3月，潜射版本在水下浮筒上成功试射。^[11]

2017年11月，空射版本由Su-30MKI战斗机成功试射。^[12]^[13]2020年，印度空军首支装备布拉莫斯-A导弹的Su-30MKI中队成立。^[14]

印度
- 印度陆军：目前已有3个导弹团装备了布拉莫斯导弹，为^[5]^[15]
  - 第861导弹团，布拉莫斯 Block I
  - 第881导弹团，布拉莫斯 Block II
  - 第1889导弹团（卡吉尔），布拉莫斯 Block II
- 印度空军
  - 坦贾武尔空军基地，第222中队，空射版本^[16]^[17]
- 印度海军
  - 拉杰普特级驱逐舰后两艘D54，D55^[18]
  - 塔尔瓦级巡防舰后三艘F-45，F-50，F-51^[18]^[19]^[20]
  - 什瓦利克级巡防舰^[18]^[21]
  - 加尔各答级驱逐舰^[18]^[19]^[22]^[23]
  - 维沙卡帕特南级驱逐舰
  - 尼尔吉里级巡防舰_(2019年)
  - 德里级驱逐舰首舰D-61^[24]
菲律宾
- 菲律宾陆军：2022年1月，购买了2套陆基反舰布拉莫斯系统。^[25]
- 菲律宾海军：2022年1月，购买了3套岸基反舰布拉莫斯系统。^[26]

陆基发射
海基发射，加尔各答级驱逐舰3号舰金奈号
Su-30MKI战斗机空射布拉莫斯导弹
2009年印度共和国日阅兵上展示

[1]
BrahMos test-fired off west coast. RiaNovosti----The integration of the navigation systems from Kh-555 will turn BrahMos, a supersonic cruise missile, into a "super-rocket" with almost a sub-strategic capability above its normal tactical range, capable of hitting targets over 180-300 miles (300-500 km), from sea, land and air launchers, and capable of being armed with a nuclear warhead, the source said. 9 October 2012 [28 November 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-20）.
[2]
BrahMos supersonic cruise missile. Brahmos Aerospace. [8 July 2013]. （原始内容存档于2017年4月7日）.
[3]
Ship launched Sea skimming BrahMos destroys target. （原始内容存档于2013-09-03）.
[4]
Ship-based Weapon System. Brahmos. [8 July 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013年8月5日）.
[5]
Smash Hit. Force. May 2009, 6 (9): 44–45 [7 July 2013]. （原始内容存档于26 July 2013）.
[6]
India Unveils Ambitious BrahMos Missile Expansion Plan. Aviation Week. 4 March 2013 [6 July 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-21）.
[7]
BrahMos Test Fired. BrahMos.com. [20 October 2011]. （原始内容存档于25 April 2012）.
[8]
BrahMos naval version tested successfully. Pib.nic.in. 25 March 2008 [30 April 2013]. （原始内容存档于24 September 2010）.
[9]
Brahmos naval version tested successfully. Google webcache. （原始内容存档于24 September 2010）.
[10]
BrahMos-launched successfully. The Hindu (Chennai, India). 19 December 2008 [31 August 2010]. （原始内容存档于26 June 2009）.
[11]
India test fires submarine-launched version of BrahMos supersonic cruise missile. The Times of India. 20 March 2013. （原始内容存档于6 June 2016）.
[12]
Brahmos Flight test from IAF's Su-30MKI fighter aircraft. pib.nic.in. [22 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于23 November 2017）.
[13]
IAF first in world to fire BrahMos missile from air. 22 November 2017 [28 February 2019]. （原始内容存档于4 August 2018）.
[14]
First Indian BrahMos Squadron Commissioned 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期24 January 2020.. Aviation International News. 23 January 2020.
[15]
Brahmos test fired off the coast of Orissa. Indian Defence. [6 September 2012]. （原始内容存档于31 July 2012）.
[16]
Thanjavur set to host South India's first Sukhoi Squadron. OnManorama. [20 February 2020]. （原始内容存档于5 January 2020）（英语）.
[17]
How Sukhoi-30 fighter jets will help check Chinese footprint in Indian Ocean. Hindustan Times. 20 January 2020 [20 February 2020]. （原始内容存档于20 February 2020）（英语）.
[18]
Russia's anti-ship arsenal. Defence Review Asia. [7 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于7 January 2014）.
[19]
Rajat Pandit. India tests BrahMos supersonic missile. The Times of India. 18 December 2008 [31 August 2010]. （原始内容存档于6 June 2016）.
[20]
Russia floats out first frigate for Indian Navy. RIA Novosti. 27 November 2009 [7 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于7 January 2014）.
[21]
India successfully test-fires BrahMos supersonic cruise missile. The Times of India. 21 March 2010 [7 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于6 June 2016）.
[22]
Project 15 D Dehli Class Destroyer. Global Security. [20 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于24 October 2012）.
[23]
Project 15A Kolkata Class. Project 15 D Dehli Class Destroyer. GlobalSecurity.org. [8 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于21 December 2016）.
[24]
BrahMos missile successfully tested from Navy’s INS Delhi, IAF’s Sukhoi-30 MKI. The Indian Express. 2022-04-20 [2022-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-03）（英语）.
[25]
PH Army next to get BrahMos missiles under AFP modernization. Philippine News Agency. 21 January 2022 [21 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于21 January 2022）.
[26]
Philippines awards Shore-Based Anti-Ship Missile System project to India's Brahmos Aerospace. Asia Pacific Defense Journal. [14 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于14 January 2022）.

BrahMos Missile official website
The Brahmastra （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
The IT in India’s cruise missile （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
BrahMos production status
Features and advantages of the BrahMos supersonic missile. INFOgraphics （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Indian Army To Get World's First Supersonic Cruise Missiles （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (SpaceDaily:SpaceWar) 26 Jul 2006
Effect of BrahMos hit on a Petya class frigate （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Supersonic cruise missile BrahMos inducted into Indian defense forces （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – Govt. of India press release – 29 Nov 2006
Complete Video of BrahMos Missile Testing and Targeting （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
BrahMos video （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
BrahMos - Headlines Today （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Precision Target hit （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[India_Modifies_Brahmos_Missile_With_New_Nav_System-1] [1]
BrahMos test-fired off west coast. RiaNovosti----The integration of the navigation systems from Kh-555 will turn BrahMos, a supersonic cruise missile, into a "super-rocket" with almost a sub-strategic capability above its normal tactical range, capable of hitting targets over 180-300 miles (300-500 km), from sea, land and air launchers, and capable of being armed with a nuclear warhead, the source said. 9 October 2012 [28 November 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-20）.

[ba8j-2] [2]
BrahMos supersonic cruise missile. Brahmos Aerospace. [8 July 2013]. （原始内容存档于2017年4月7日）.

[BrahMos_Aerospace-3] [3]
Ship launched Sea skimming BrahMos destroys target. （原始内容存档于2013-09-03）.

[bsb8j-4] [4]
Ship-based Weapon System. Brahmos. [8 July 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013年8月5日）.

[forcem2009-5] [5]
Smash Hit. Force. May 2009, 6 (9): 44–45 [7 July 2013]. （原始内容存档于26 July 2013）.

[aw4m13-6] [6]
India Unveils Ambitious BrahMos Missile Expansion Plan. Aviation Week. 4 March 2013 [6 July 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-21）.

[7] [7]
BrahMos Test Fired. BrahMos.com. [20 October 2011]. （原始内容存档于25 April 2012）.

[8] [8]
BrahMos naval version tested successfully. Pib.nic.in. 25 March 2008 [30 April 2013]. （原始内容存档于24 September 2010）.

[gwebcbn-9] [9]
Brahmos naval version tested successfully. Google webcache. （原始内容存档于24 September 2010）.

[10] [10]
BrahMos-launched successfully. The Hindu (Chennai, India). 19 December 2008 [31 August 2010]. （原始内容存档于26 June 2009）.

[ect20m13-11] [11]
India test fires submarine-launched version of BrahMos supersonic cruise missile. The Times of India. 20 March 2013. （原始内容存档于6 June 2016）.

[:0-12] [12]
Brahmos Flight test from IAF's Su-30MKI fighter aircraft. pib.nic.in. [22 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于23 November 2017）.

[13] [13]
IAF first in world to fire BrahMos missile from air. 22 November 2017 [28 February 2019]. （原始内容存档于4 August 2018）.

[14] [14]
First Indian BrahMos Squadron Commissioned 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期24 January 2020.. Aviation International News. 23 January 2020.

[idefence-15] [15]
Brahmos test fired off the coast of Orissa. Indian Defence. [6 September 2012]. （原始内容存档于31 July 2012）.

[16] [16]
Thanjavur set to host South India's first Sukhoi Squadron. OnManorama. [20 February 2020]. （原始内容存档于5 January 2020）（英语）.

[17] [17]
How Sukhoi-30 fighter jets will help check Chinese footprint in Indian Ocean. Hindustan Times. 20 January 2020 [20 February 2020]. （原始内容存档于20 February 2020）（英语）.

[rasadra-18] [18]
Russia's anti-ship arsenal. Defence Review Asia. [7 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于7 January 2014）.

[rptnn18-19] [19]
Rajat Pandit. India tests BrahMos supersonic missile. The Times of India. 18 December 2008 [31 August 2010]. （原始内容存档于6 June 2016）.

[20] [20]
Russia floats out first frigate for Indian Navy. RIA Novosti. 27 November 2009 [7 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于7 January 2014）.

[toi7j14-21] [21]
India successfully test-fires BrahMos supersonic cruise missile. The Times of India. 21 March 2010 [7 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于6 June 2016）.

[gsorg20f-22] [22]
Project 15 D Dehli Class Destroyer. Global Security. [20 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于24 October 2012）.

[23] [23]
Project 15A Kolkata Class. Project 15 D Dehli Class Destroyer. GlobalSecurity.org. [8 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于21 December 2016）.

[24] [24]
BrahMos missile successfully tested from Navy’s INS Delhi, IAF’s Sukhoi-30 MKI. The Indian Express. 2022-04-20 [2022-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-03）（英语）.

[25] [25]
PH Army next to get BrahMos missiles under AFP modernization. Philippine News Agency. 21 January 2022 [21 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于21 January 2022）.

[26] [26]
Philippines awards Shore-Based Anti-Ship Missile System project to India's Brahmos Aerospace. Asia Pacific Defense Journal. [14 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于14 January 2022）.

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