夜惊

夜惊
Night terror
夜惊; Night terror
又称	Sleep terror, pavor nocturnus
分类和外部资源
医学专科	精神病学
ICD-11	7B00.2
ICD-10	F51.4
MedlinePlus	000809
	[编辑此条目的维基数据]

夜惊（英语：night terror、sleep terror），又称睡眠恐慌，指在睡眠中突然惊醒，伴有尖叫或哭喊，感觉极度恐慌或惊惧。夜惊常发生于非快速眼动睡眠（NREM）第三、第四期的开始时段^[1]持续1到10分钟^[2]。发作后约一至两分钟，又复入睡，隔天则不知何事。常见于儿童，其中男童又略多于女童。

事实速览 夜惊 Night terror, 又称 ...

关闭

根据国际睡眠障碍分类（ICSD-3）和精神疾病诊断与统计手册（DSM-5），NREM 异睡症主要分为三大类：混淆性觉醒（Confusional Arousal, CA）、睡惊（Sleep Terrors, ST）和梦游（Sleepwalking, SW），统称为“觉醒障碍”（Disorders of Arousal, DoA）。^[3]

在国际睡眠障碍分类中，夜惊被分在NREM有关的异睡症中^[4]。儿童夜惊发作持续时间可能更长^[2]随年龄增长发作发作频率降低^[2]导致夜惊的因素有年龄小、睡眠剥夺、药物、压力、发热和固有的睡眠障碍等^[5]发作的频率和严重性因人而异，间歇期可以从几周到几分钟不等。^[6]于是有的时候会和噩梦相混淆，但后者一般可以记起梦的内容，而夜惊发生在NREM期，和梦无关^[7]

夜惊常发生于从短波睡眠中醒来时^[8]^[7]因此短波睡眠比较多的人更容易发生夜惊，但有时夜惊也发生在白天打盹时^[6]

军队中也常见有夜惊，军旅生活紧张，突有声响就会发生全营动乱，洪迈《容斋随笔》卷二：“周亚夫距吴、楚，坚壁不出。军中夜惊，内相攻击扰乱，至于帐下。亚夫坚卧不起，顷之，复定。”

睡眠障碍
梦魇
梦游
收惊
厄菲阿尔特症（英语：Ephialtes (illness)）
睡眠瘫痪症
恐惧和恐怖（英语：Horror and terror）

[1]
Hockenbury, Don H. Hockenbury, Sandra E. Discovering psychology 5th. New York: Worth Publishers. 2010: 157. ISBN 978-1-4292-1650-0.
[2]
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th. American Psychiatric Association. May 22, 2013. ISBN 978-0890425558. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.
[3]
Irfan, M., Schenck, C. H., & Howell, M. J. (2021). NonREM Disorders of Arousal and Related Parasomnias: an Updated Review. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 18(1), 124–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-021-01011-y
[4]
Sateia, Michael J. International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition. Chest. November 2014, 146 (5): 1387–1394. PMID 25367475. doi:10.1378/chest.14-0970.
[5]
Mason, T. B. A.; Pack, A. I. Pediatric Parasomnias. Sleep. 2007, 30 (2): 141–151. PMID 17326539. doi:10.1093/sleep/30.2.141 .
[6]
DSM-IV-TR: diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th. American Psychiatric Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-89042-025-6.^{[页码请求]}
[7]
Szelenberger, Waldemar; Niemcewicz, Szymon; Dąbrowska, Anna Justyna. Sleepwalking and night terrors: Psychopathological and psychophysiological correlates. International Review of Psychiatry. 2009, 17 (4): 263–70. PMID 16194798. S2CID 28776384. doi:10.1080/09540260500104573.
[8]
Bjorvatn, Bjørn; Grønli, Janne; Pallesen, Ståle. Prevalence of different parasomnias in the general population. Sleep Medicine. 2010, 11 (10): 1031–4. PMID 21093361. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.07.011.

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[1] [1]
Hockenbury, Don H. Hockenbury, Sandra E. Discovering psychology 5th. New York: Worth Publishers. 2010: 157. ISBN 978-1-4292-1650-0.

[:2-2] [2]
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th. American Psychiatric Association. May 22, 2013. ISBN 978-0890425558. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.

[3] [3]
Irfan, M., Schenck, C. H., & Howell, M. J. (2021). NonREM Disorders of Arousal and Related Parasomnias: an Updated Review. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 18(1), 124–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-021-01011-y

[:1-4] [4]
Sateia, Michael J. International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition. Chest. November 2014, 146 (5): 1387–1394. PMID 25367475. doi:10.1378/chest.14-0970.

[5] [5]
Mason, T. B. A.; Pack, A. I. Pediatric Parasomnias. Sleep. 2007, 30 (2): 141–151. PMID 17326539. doi:10.1093/sleep/30.2.141 .

[DSM-6] [6]
DSM-IV-TR: diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th. American Psychiatric Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-89042-025-6.^{[页码请求]}

[Szelenberger-7] [7]
Szelenberger, Waldemar; Niemcewicz, Szymon; Dąbrowska, Anna Justyna. Sleepwalking and night terrors: Psychopathological and psychophysiological correlates. International Review of Psychiatry. 2009, 17 (4): 263–70. PMID 16194798. S2CID 28776384. doi:10.1080/09540260500104573.

[Bjorvatn-8] [8]
Bjorvatn, Bjørn; Grønli, Janne; Pallesen, Ståle. Prevalence of different parasomnias in the general population. Sleep Medicine. 2010, 11 (10): 1031–4. PMID 21093361. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.07.011.

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夜惊

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