地球能量收支(英语:Earth's energy budget,也可写为Earth's energy balance)指的是地球从太阳接收的能量与地球辐射回外太空的之间的平衡关系。较小的能量来源(例如地球的内部热量)也被列入考虑,但与来自太阳的能量比较,相形见绌。能量收支也将能源如何在气候系统中移动列入考虑。[2]:2227由于太阳对位于地球赤道热带地区的加热程度高于对极地地区的,各地收到的太阳辐射并不均匀。当能量在地球上进行平衡作用时,就会驱动各气候系统,包括水圈、冰冻圈、大气层、岩石圈及生物圈,之间交互作用。[2]:2224而形成地球的气候。
最近大气中微量温室气体增加,增强温室效应,因此产生正的ΔEG强迫。相较之下,大型火山爆发(例如菲律宾1991年皮纳图博火山爆发(英语:1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo)、1982年墨西哥埃尔奇琼火山爆发)可将含硫化合物注入高层大气。高浓度的硫气溶胶可在平流层持续数年,对ΔEA产生负强迫影响。[34][35]各种其他类型的人为气溶胶排放对ΔEA有正面和负面的影响。太阳周期产生的ΔEI的幅度小于近期人类活动所产生的ΔEG趋势的幅度。[36][37]
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