嗅觉减退

嗅觉减退^[1]是指嗅觉迟钝，鼻子分辨气味的能力下降。如果鼻子完全无法分辨出气味，则是嗅觉丧失。2012年，美国境内估计有980万40岁及以上的人患有嗅觉减退症，另有340万人嗅觉丧失或者嗅觉接近完全丧失。 ^[2]

嗅觉减退可能是帕金森氏症、阿兹海默症以及路易氏体失智症的早期征兆。 ^[3] 终身嗅觉减退可能由卡门氏症候群^[4]或自闭症谱系引起。 ^[5]

参考文献

1. Hawkes, Christopher H. Smell and taste complaints. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. 2002: 49–50. ISBN 0-7506-7287-0.
2. Hoffman, Howard J.; Rawal, Shristi; Li, Chuan-Ming; Duffy, Valerie B. New chemosensory component in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): first-year results for measured olfactory dysfunction. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 10 June 2016, 17 (2): 221–240. PMC 5033684 . PMID 27287364. doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9364-1.
3. Factor, Stewart A., & Weiner, William J., eds. (2008). Parkinson's Disease: Diagnosis and Clinical Management, 2nd ed., pp. 72-73. New York: Demos Medical Publishing.
4. Arkoncel, ML; Arkoncel, FR; Lantion-Ang, FL. A case of Kallmann syndrome. BMJ Case Reports. March 2011, 2011: bcr0120113727. PMC 3070321 . PMID 22700069. doi:10.1136/bcr.01.2011.3727. Kallmann syndrome (KS), a rare genetic disorder, refers to the association between hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia due to abnormal migration of olfactory axons and gonadotropin-releasing hormone producing neurons.
5. Tonacci, Alessandro; Billeci, Lucia; Tartarisco, Gennaro; Ruta, Liliana; Muratori, Filippo; Pioggia, Giovanni; Gangemi, Sebastiano. Olfaction in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Child Neuropsychology. 2 January 2017, 23 (1): 1–25 [2023-11-23]. ISSN 0929-7049. PMID 26340690. S2CID 143375600. doi:10.1080/09297049.2015.1081678. （原始内容存档于2022-01-18）.