含水层[1]（英语：aquifer），也作蓄水层[2]，是指地底一层含有水分的渗透岩、岩石碎隙或未固结的材料（砾石、沙、淤泥）。人们可通过打钻水井来从含水层提取地下水。研究含水层的水流、含水层特征的学科被称为水文地质学。
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