\varepsilon } 有關,但不取決於 n {\displaystyle n} 。 尼克·威佛(Nik Weaver)證明,以下「偏差理論(英语:discrepancytheory)」命題,同樣與卡迪森-辛格問題(的肯定答案)等價: 設有向量 u 1 , … , u m ∈ C d {\displaystyle
(4): 254–260, doi:10.1112/jlms/s1-8.4.254 . Nakai, Y.; Shiokawa, I., Discrepancy estimates for a class of normal numbers, Acta Arithmetica, 1992, 62 (3):
Josef Dick and Friedrich Pillichshammer, Digital Nets and Sequences. DiscrepancyTheory and Quasi-Monte Carlo Integration, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge