这些早期的工作导致了1970年代末和1980年代初,泛素-蛋白酶体系统在以色列技术工程学院(Technion – Israel Institute of Technology)阿夫拉姆·赫什科的实验室中发现,而阿龙·切哈诺沃是当时实验室中的一名研究生。正是在福克斯詹士癌症中心(Fox Chase Cancer Center)欧文·罗斯的实验室做访问研究期间,赫什科提出了关键的概念性想法,而罗斯后来并没有对自己在其中的贡献加以强调。[8]由于他们在发现泛素-蛋白酶体系统上的贡献,这三人一起分享了2004年度的诺贝尔化学奖。[4]
当细胞应激(如感染、热休克以及氧化损伤)反应发生时,热休克蛋白被大量表达,其作用是识别错误折叠或去折叠的蛋白质,并标记它们以供蛋白酶体降解。作为分子伴侣,热休克蛋白Hsp27(英语:Hsp27)和Hsp90(英语:Hsp90)已经被发现可以提高泛素-蛋白酶体系统的活性,虽然它们并不直接参与这一系统的运行。[56]另一个热休克蛋白Hsp70(英语:Hsp70),可以结合到错误折叠蛋白质表面的疏水区,并引导E3泛素连接酶(如CHIP)将错误折叠的蛋白质标记上泛素,使得蛋白酶体可以降解它们。[57]CHIP蛋白,全称为HSP70的C末端相互作用蛋白(carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein),其自身可以通过抑制与其对应的E2之间的相互作用而被调控。[58]
(英文)Lodish, H, Berk A, Matsudaira P, Kaiser CA, Krieger M, Scott MP, Zipursky SL, Darnell J. (2004). Molecular Cell Biology, 5th ed., ch.3, pp 66–72. New York: WH Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-4366-3
(英文)Whitby FG, Masters EI, Kramer L, Knowlton JR, Yao Y, Wang CC, Hill CP. Structural basis for the activation of 20S proteasomes by 11S regulators. Nature. 2000, 408 (6808): 115–120. PMID 11081519.
(英文)Ciehanover A, Hod Y, Hershko A. (1978). A heat-stable polypeptide component of an ATP-dependent proteolytic system from reticulocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 81(4):1100–1105. PMID 666810
(英文)Goldknopf IL, Busch H. (1977). Isopeptide linkage between nonhistone and histone 2A polypeptides of chromosomal conjugate-protein A24. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74(3):864-8. PMID 265581
(英文)Ciechanover A. (2000). Early work on the ubiquitin proteasome system, an interview with Aaron Ciechanover. Cell Death Differ Sep;12(9):1167–77. PMID 16094393
(英文)Kopp F, Steiner R, Dahlmann B, Kuehn L, Reinauer H. (1986). Size and shape of the multicatalytic proteinase from rat skeletal muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta 872(3):253-60. PMID 3524688
(英文)Löwe J, Stock D, Jap B, Zwickl P, Baumeister W, Huber R. (1995). Crystal structure of the 20S proteasome from the archaeon T. acidophilum at 3.4 Å resolution. Science 268, 533–539. PMID 7725097
(英文)Wang J, Maldonado MA. (2006). The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Its Role in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 3(4): 255. PMID 16978533
(英文)Heinemeyer W, Fischer M, Krimmer T, Stachon U, Wolf DH. (1997). The Active Sites of the Eukaryotic 20S Proteasome and Their Involvement in Subunit Precursor Processing J Biol Chem 272(40):25200–25209. PMID 9312134
(英文)Liu CW, Li X, Thompson D, Wooding K, Chang TL, Tang Z, Yu H, Thomas PJ, DeMartino GN. (2006). ATP binding and ATP hydrolysis play distinct roles in the function of 26S proteasome. Mol Cell October 6;24(1):39–50. PMID 17018291
(英文)Lam YA, Lawson TG, Velayutham M, Zweier JL, Pickart CM. (2002). A proteasomal ATPase subunit recognizes the polyubiquitin degradation signal. Nature 416(6882):763-7. PMID 11961560
(英文)Sharon M, Taverner T, Ambroggio XI, Deshaies RJ, Robinson CV. (2006). Structural Organization of the 19S Proteasome Lid: Insights from MS of Intact Complexes. PLoS Biol Aug;4(8):e267. PMID 16869714
(英文)Higashitsuji H, Liu Y, Mayer RJ, Fujita J. (2005). The oncoprotein gankyrin negatively regulates both p53 and RB by enhancing proteasomal degradation. Cell Cycle 4(10):1335–7. PMID 16177571
(英文)Forster A, Masters EI, Whitby FG, Robinson H, Hill CP. (2005). The 1.9 Å Structure of a Proteasome-11S Activator Complex and Implications for Proteasome-PAN/PA700 Interactions. Mol Cell May 27;18(5):589-99. PMID 15916965
(英文)Ortega, J., J. B. Heymann, A. V. Kajava, V. Ustrell, M. Rechsteiner, and A. C. Steven. The axial channel of the 20S proteasome opens upon binding of the PA200 activator. J. Mol. Biol. 2005, 346: 1221–1227. PMID 15713476.
(英文)Ustrell, V., L. Hoffman, G. Pratt, and M. Rechsteiner. PA200, a nuclear proteasome activator involved in DNA repair. EMBO J. 2002, 21: 3516–3525. PMID 12093752.
(英文)Gorbea C, Taillandier D, Rechsteiner M. (1999). Assembly of the regulatory complex of the 26S proteasome. Mol Biol Rep Apr;26(1-2):15-9. PMID 10363641
(英文)Haas AL, Warms JV, Hershko A, Rose IA. Ubiquitin-activating enzyme: Mechanism and role in protein-ubiquitin conjugation. J Biol Chem. 1982 March 10;257(5):2543–8. PMID 6277905
(英文)Risseeuw EP, Daskalchuk TE, Banks TW, Liu E, Cotelesage J, Hellmann H, Estelle M, Somers DE, Crosby WL. Protein interaction analysis of SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase subunits from Arabidopsis. Plant J. 2003 Jun;34(6):753-67. PMID 12795696
(英文)Zhu Q, Wani G, Wang QE, El-mahdy M, Snapka RM, Wani AA. (2005). Deubiquitination by proteasome is coordinated with substrate translocation for proteolysis in vivo. Exp Cell Res 307(2):436-51. PMID 15950624
(英文)Smith DM, Kafri G, Cheng Y, Ng D, Walz T, Goldberg AL. (2005). ATP binding to PAN or the 26S ATPases causes association with the 20S proteasome, gate opening, and translocation of unfolded proteins. Mol Cell 20(5):687-98. PMID 16337593
(英文)Smith DM, Benaroudj N, Goldberg A. (2006). Proteasomes and their associated ATPases: a destructive combination. J Struct Biol 156(1):72–83. PMID 16919475
(英文)Voges D, Zwickl P, Baumeister W. (1999). The 26S proteasome: a molecular machine designed for controlled proteolysis. Annu Rev Biochem 68: 1015–1068. PMID 10872471
(英文)Rape M, Jentsch S. (2004). Productive RUPture: activation of transcription factors by proteasomal processing. Biochim Biophys Acta 1695(1-3):209-13. PMID 15571816
(英文)Zhang M, Pickart CM, Coffino P. (2003). Determinants of proteasome recognition of ornithine decarboxylase, a ubiquitin-independent substrate. EMBO J 22(7):1488–96. PMID 12660156
(英文)Shringarpure R, Grune T, Mehlhase J, Davies KJ. (2003). Ubiquitin conjugation is not required for the degradation of oxidized proteins by proteasome. J Biol Chem 278(1):311-8. PMID 12401807
(英文)Gille C, Goedel A, Schloetelburg C, Preißner R, Kloetzel PM, Gobel UB, Frommell C. (2003). A Comprehensive View on Proteasomal Sequences: Implications for the Evolution of the Proteasome. J Mol Biol 326: 1437–1448. PMID 12595256
(英文)Chesnel F, Bazile F, Pascal A, Kubiak JZ. (2006). Cyclin B dissociation from CDK1 precedes its degradation upon MPF inactivation in mitotic extracts of Xenopus laevis embryos. Cell Cycle 5(15):1687–98. PMID 16921258
(英文)Havens CG, Ho A, Yoshioka N, Dowdy SF. (2006). Regulation of late G1/S phase transition and APC Cdh1 by reactive oxygen species. Mol Cell Biol 26(12):4701–11. PMID 16738333
(英文)Bashir T, Dorrello NV, Amador V, Guardavaccaro D, Pagano M. (2004). Control of the SCF(Skp2-Cks1) ubiquitin ligase by the APC/C(Cdh1) ubiquitin ligase. Nature 428(6979):190-3. PMID 15014502
(英文)Weijers D, Benkova E, Jager KE, Schlereth A, Hamann T, Kientz M, Wilmoth JC, Reed JW, Jurgens G. (2005). Developmental specificity of auxin response by pairs of ARF and Aux/IAA transcriptional regulators. EMBO J 24(10):1874–85. PMID 15889151
(英文)Haas AL, Baboshina O, Williams B and Schwartz LM (1995) Coordinated induction of the ubiquitin conjugation pathway accompanies the developmentally programmed death of insect skeletal muscle. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 9407–9412. PMID 7721865
(英文)Schwartz LM, Myer A, Kosz L, Engelstein M and Maier C. (1990) Activation of polyubiquitin gene expression during developmentally programmed cell death. Neuron 5: 411–419. PMID 2169771
(英文)Low P, Bussell K, Dawson SP, Billett MA, Mayer RJ and Reynolds SE (1997) Expression of a 26S proteasome ATPase subunit, MS73, in muscles that undergo developmentally programmed cell death, and its control by ecdysteroid hormones in the insect Manduca sexta. FEBS Lett. 400: 345–349. PMID 9009228
(英文)Pitzer F, Dantes A, Fuchs T, Baumeister W, Amsterdam A (1996) Removal of proteasomes from the nucleus and their accumulation in apoptotic blebs during programmed cell death. FEBS Lett. 394: 47–50. PMID 8925925
(英文)Garrido C, Brunet M, Didelot C, Zermati Y, Schmitt E, Kroemer G. (2006). Heat Shock Proteins 27 and 70: Anti-Apoptotic Proteins with Tumorigenic Properties. Cell Cycle 5(22). PMID 17106261
(英文)Park SH, Bolender N, Eisele F, Kostova Z, Takeuchi J, Coffino P, Wolf DH. (2006). The Cytoplasmic Hsp70 Chaperone Machinery Subjects Misfolded and ER Import Incompetent Proteins to Degradation via the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Mol Biol Cell Epub. PMID 17065559
(英文)Dai Q, Qian SB, Li HH, McDonough H, Borchers C, Huang D, Takayama S, Younger JM, Ren HY, Cyr DM, Patterson C. (2005). Regulation of the cytoplasmic quality control protein degradation pathway by BAG2. J Biol Chem 280(46):38673-81. PMID 16169850
(英文)Murata S, Sasaki K, Kishimoto T, Niwa S, Hayashi H, Takahama Y, Tanaka K. Regulation of CD8+ T cell development by thymus-specific proteasomes. Science: 1349–1353. PMID 17540904.
(英文)Adams J, Palombella VJ, Sausville EA, Johnson J, Destree A, Lazarus DD, Maas J, Pien CS, Prakash S, Elliott PJ. (1999). Proteasome inhibitors: a novel class of potent and effective antitumor agents. Cancer Res 59(11):2615–22. PMID 10363983
(英文)Fisher RI, Bernstein SH, Kahl BS, Djulbegovic B, Robertson MJ, de Vos S, Epner E, Krishnan A, Leonard JP, Lonial S, Stadtmauer EA, O'Connor OA, Shi H, Boral AL, Goy A. (2006). Multicenter phase II study of bortezomib in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 24(30):4867–74. PMID 17001068
(英文)Jakob C, Egerer K, Liebisch P, Turkmen S, Zavrski I, Kuckelkorn U, Heider U, Kaiser M, Fleissner C, Sterz J, Kleeberg L, Feist E, Burmester GR, Kloetzel PM, Sezer O. (2006). Circulating proteasome levels are an independent prognostic factor for survival in multiple myeloma. Blood Epub. PMID 17095627
(英文)Nawrocki ST, Sweeney-Gotsch B, Takamori R, McConkey DJ. (2004). The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib enhances the activity of docetaxel in orthotopic human pancreatic tumor xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther 3(1):59–70. PMID 14749476
(英文)Schmidtke G, Holzhutter HG, Bogyo M, Kairies N, Groll M, de Giuli R, Emch S, Groettrup M. (1999). How an inhibitor of the HIV-I protease modulates proteasome activity. J Biol Chem 274(50):35734-40. PMID 10585454
(英文)Laurent N, de Bouard S, Guillamo JS, Christov C, Zini R, Jouault H, Andre P, Lotteau V, Peschanski M. (2004). Effects of the proteasome inhibitor ritonavir on glioma growth in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 3(2):129-36. PMID 14985453
(英文)Zollner TM, Podda M, Pien C, Elliott PJ, Kaufmann R, Boehncke WH. (2002). Proteasome inhibition reduces superantigenmediated T cell activation and the severity of psoriasis in a SCID-hu model. J Clin Invest. 109:671–679. PMID 11877475
(英文)Verdoes M, Florea BI, Menendez-Benito V, Maynard CJ, Witte MD, van der Linden WA, van den Nieuwendijk AM, Hofmann T, Berkers CR, van Leeuwen FW, Groothuis TA, Leeuwenburgh MA, Ovaa H, Neefjes JJ, Filippov DV, van der Marel GA, Dantuma NP, Overkleeft HS. (2006). A fluorescent broad-spectrum proteasome inhibitor for labeling proteasomes in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol 13(11):1217–26. PMID 17114003
Ciechanover A. Early work on the ubiquitin proteasome system, an interview with Aaron Ciechanover. Interview by CDD. Cell Death and Differentiation. 2005-09, 12 (9): 1167–1177. PMID 16094393. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401691.
Hershko A. Early work on the ubiquitin proteasome system, an interview with Avram Hershko. Interview by CDD. Cell Death and Differentiation. 2005-09, 12 (9): 1158–61. PMID 16094391. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401709.
Rose I. Early work on the ubiquitin proteasome system, an interview with Irwin Rose. Interview by CDD. Cell Death and Differentiation. 2005-09, 12 (9): 1162–1166. PMID 16094392. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401700.