药代动力学通过非膈室或膈室方法进行建模。非隔室方法可通过估算血药浓度-时间图中的曲线下的面积(Area under the cruve,AUC)估计药物暴露量(Exposure)。隔室方法使用动力学模型估算血药浓度-时间图。非隔室方法不假设任何特定的隔室模型,而同样可准确预测生物等效性,因此被更广泛地使用。[4]药物在生物体内如何发生转化以及化合物最终的排泄过程,取决于许多相互关联的药代动力学因素。为了简化这方面的研究,已经开发了许多功能模型进行预测。这些模型基于将生物体视为许多相关隔室,如将有机体视为只有一个同类隔室。这种单室模型先假定药物的血浆浓度可真实反映药物在血浆体液或组织液中的浓度,并且药物的消除与生物体中药物浓度成正比,即一级动力学[10]。
Gabrielsson J, Weiner D (2006) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data analysis: concepts and applications, 4th edn. Swedish Pharmaceutical Press, Stockholm
Levy, Gerhard, Milo Gibaldi, and William J. Jusko. "Multicompartment pharmacokinetic models and pharmacologic effects." Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 58.4 (1969): 422-424.
Ruiz-Garcia A, Bermejo M, Moss A, Casabo VG. Pharmacokinetics in drug discovery. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. February 2008, 97 (2): 654–90. PMID 17630642. doi:10.1002/jps.21009.
Nestorov, Ivan A., et al. "Lumping of whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic models." Journal of pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics26.1 (1998): 21-46.
Mould, D. R., and Richard Neil Upton. "Basic Concepts in Population Modeling, Simulation, and Model‐Based Drug Development—Part 2: Introduction to Pharmacokinetic Modeling Methods." CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology 2.4 (2013): 1-14.
International Union of Biochemistry (now International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology). Symbolism and terminology in enzyme kinetics. Recommendations 1981. Eur. J. Biochem. 1982, 128 (2–3): 281–291. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06963.x.
Weiner D, Gabrielsson J. PK24 – Non-linear kinetics – flow II. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data analysis: concepts and applications. Apotekarsocieteten. 2000: 527–36 [2023-05-10]. ISBN 91-86274-92-9. (原始内容存档于2023-01-25).
Stroppolo ME, Falconi M, Caccuri AM, Desideri A. Superefficient enzymes. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. September 2001, 58 (10): 1451–1460. PMID 11693526. S2CID 24874575. doi:10.1007/PL00000788.
Bar-Even A, Noor E, Savir Y, Liebermeister W, Davidi D, Tawfik DS, Milo R. The moderately efficient enzyme: evolutionary and physicochemical trends shaping enzyme parameters. Biochemistry. May 2011, 50 (21): 4402–4410. PMID 21506553. doi:10.1021/bi2002289.
Copeland RA. Why Enzymes as Drug Targets? Enzyme are Essential for Life. Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery: A Guide for Medicinal Chemists and Pharmacologists Second. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. March 2013: 1–23. ISBN 978-1-118-48813-3. doi:10.1002/9781118540398.ch1.
International Union of Biochemistry (now International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology). Symbolism and terminology in enzyme kinetics. Recommendations 1981. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1983, 234 (2): 732–740. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(83)90262-X.
Dose-independent pharmacokinetics of ondansetron in rats: contribution of hepatic and intestinal first-pass effects to low bioavailability. Yang SH, Lee MG. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2008 Oct;29(7):414-26.doi:10.1002/bdd.628.PMID 18697186
Michael E. Winter, Mary Anne Koda-Kimple, Lloyd Y. Young, Emilio Pol Yanguas Farmacocinética clínica básica Ediciones Díaz de Santos, 1994 pgs. 8–14 ISBN84-7978-147-5, 9788479781477 (in Spanish)
Hsieh Y, Korfmacher WA. Increasing speed and throughput when using HPLC-MS/MS systems for drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic screening. Current Drug Metabolism. June 2006, 7 (5): 479–89. PMID 16787157. S2CID 13612670. doi:10.2174/138920006777697963.
Covey TR, Lee ED, Henion JD. High-speed liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of drugs in biological samples. Analytical Chemistry. October 1986, 58 (12): 2453–60. PMID 3789400. doi:10.1021/ac00125a022.
Sheiner LB, Rosenberg B, Marathe VV. Estimation of population characteristics of pharmacokinetic parameters from routine clinical data. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics. October 1977, 5 (5): 445–79. PMID 925881. S2CID 28622472. doi:10.1007/BF01061728.
Singh SS. Preclinical pharmacokinetics: an approach towards safer and efficacious drugs. Current Drug Metabolism. February 2006, 7 (2): 165–182. PMID 16472106. doi:10.2174/138920006775541552.
Robert N, Wong GW, Wright JM. Effect of cyclosporine on blood pressure. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. January 2010, (1): CD007893. PMID 20091657. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007893.pub2.
Jager T, Albert C, Preuss TG, Ashauer R. General unified threshold model of survival--a toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic framework for ecotoxicology. Environmental Science & Technology. April 2011, 45 (7): 2529–40. Bibcode:2011EnST...45.2529J. PMID 21366215. doi:10.1021/es103092a.