红发

红发是一种1%至2%的人口拥有的发色，颜色属于红色系或橙色系，包括酒红色、棕红色、亮铜色和红橙色。

人口分布

据统计，目前大约有1%至2%的人口拥有红发^[1]^[2]。红发最常出现于欧洲北部和西部。

欧洲

爱尔兰平均每人的红发人数量是世界上最高的，红发人约占全国人口的10%。^[3]

大不列颠岛的红发人比例也相当高。苏格兰的红发人占全国人口的6%，其中全世界最密集的红发人地区为爱丁堡，是世界的红发首都。^[4]^[5]

红发也出现在阿什肯纳兹犹太人群中。^[6]1903年，5.6%的波兰犹太人有红发。^[7]其他研究发现全体犹太女人中有3.69%拥有红发，但大约10.9%的犹太男人有红胡须。^[8]20世纪前的欧洲文化中，红发被视为一个犹太人的刻板特征：西班牙宗教裁判所活动期间，所有红发人都被认为是犹太人。^[9]

亚洲

在亚洲中，红发出现于部分阿富汗人、^[10]^[11]阿拉伯人、伊朗人、蒙古族人、突厥人、苗族人和苗族蒙人。

生物化学和基因学

红发的颜色源自毛发中的假黑色素。红发的假黑色素远高于它的真黑色素。红发人的16号染色体有两个隐性基因，这会使黑素皮质素受体1蛋白发生转变。由于皮肤和眼睛也有相同的基因，红发人常有白皙的皮肤和雀斑，也对紫外线较为敏感。

动物

除了人类外，红色毛发也可见于其他哺乳动物，比如红毛猩猩、松鼠、山羊，或是出产于苏格兰的高地牛。某些狗或猫的品种，以及部分狐狸和鹿，也拥有红毛。

参见

发色
黑素细胞
黑色素
歧视红发的人（英语：Discrimination against people with red hair）

延伸阅读

Allen Sacharov. The Red Head Book (1985).
Stephen Douglas. The Redhead Encyclopedia (1996).
Tim Collins. The Ginger Survival Guide (2006).
Uwe Ditz. Redheads (2000).
Marion Roach. Roots of Desire: The Myth, Meaning and Sexual Power of Red Hair (2005).
Cort Cass. The Redhead Handbook (2003).

参考文献

[1]
Red Alert! Archive.is的存档，存档日期2012-05-27 Washington Post: Original Date 2002-03-19. Accessed 2007-02-06.
[2]
National Geographic, September, 2007
[3]
Moffat, Alistair; Wilson, James. The Scots: A Genetic Journey. 2011-05-01 [6 June 2016]. ISBN 9780857900203. （原始内容存档于2021-10-17）.
[4]
Auld Reekie is world capital for ginger hair. [2021-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.
[5]
Cramb, Auslan. Edinburgh is surprise capital of redheaded Britain and Ireland. The Telegraph. 24 August 2013 [21 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-19）.
[6]
Abel, Ernest L. Jewish genetic disorders: a layman's guide. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland. 2001: 229. ISBN 978-0-7864-0941-9.
[7]
Elkind. Evrei Trudi Antropologitshes-kavo Amdilla, xxi., Moscow, 1903
[8]
Maurice Fishberg (1911). Jews, race & environment. 99. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-0574-2
[9]
The Jewish Persona in the European Imagination: A Case of Russian Literature, By Leonid Livak, (Stanford University Press 2010).
[10]
Wahab, Shaista; Youngerman, Barry. A Brief History of Afghanistan. Infobase Publishing. 2007. ISBN 978-1-4381-0819-3 （英语）. northeast of Kabul, however, the local population includes many people with blond or red hair and blue or ...
[11]
Studies, American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area; Smith, Harvey Henry. Area Handbook for Afghanistan. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1969 （英语）. They are generally of medium , slender physique , with dark , sometimes red , hair

外部链接

[redalert-1] [1]
Red Alert! Archive.is的存档，存档日期2012-05-27 Washington Post: Original Date 2002-03-19. Accessed 2007-02-06.

[2] [2]
National Geographic, September, 2007

[3] [3]
Moffat, Alistair; Wilson, James. The Scots: A Genetic Journey. 2011-05-01 [6 June 2016]. ISBN 9780857900203. （原始内容存档于2021-10-17）.

[4] [4]
Auld Reekie is world capital for ginger hair. [2021-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.

[telegraph.co.uk-5] [5]
Cramb, Auslan. Edinburgh is surprise capital of redheaded Britain and Ireland. The Telegraph. 24 August 2013 [21 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-19）.

[6] [6]
Abel, Ernest L. Jewish genetic disorders: a layman's guide. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland. 2001: 229. ISBN 978-0-7864-0941-9.

[7] [7]
Elkind. Evrei Trudi Antropologitshes-kavo Amdilla, xxi., Moscow, 1903

[8] [8]
Maurice Fishberg (1911). Jews, race & environment. 99. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-0574-2

[European_Imagination_2010-9] [9]
The Jewish Persona in the European Imagination: A Case of Russian Literature, By Leonid Livak, (Stanford University Press 2010).

[10] [10]
Wahab, Shaista; Youngerman, Barry. A Brief History of Afghanistan. Infobase Publishing. 2007. ISBN 978-1-4381-0819-3 （英语）. northeast of Kabul, however, the local population includes many people with blond or red hair and blue or ...

[11] [11]
Studies, American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area; Smith, Harvey Henry. Area Handbook for Afghanistan. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1969 （英语）. They are generally of medium , slender physique , with dark , sometimes red , hair

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