矛头蝮

矛头蝮长75–125厘米。矛头蝮的背上环斑可融入雨林的落叶地表，帮助牠们长时间等候猎物。矛头蝮受干扰时会像响尾蛇一样举起尾巴发声警告入侵者(尾部无响环)。矛头蝮会受人类住宅区的老鼠吸引而来到人类的住所，容易咬伤人类。矛头蝮的毒液会瓦解伤口周遭的组织，毒液还会随着血液蔓延破坏血液组织，最后导致心脏及肾脏衰竭。

矛头蝮
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	爬行纲 Reptilia
目：	有鳞目 Squamata
亚目：	蛇亚目 Serpentes
科：	蝰科 Viperidae
属：	矛头蝮属 Bothrops
种：	矛头蝮 B. atrox
二名法
Bothrops atrox (Linnaeus, 1758)
异名
Coluber atrox Linnaeus, 1758 [Coluber] ambiguus Gmelin, 1788 Vipera Weigeli Daudin, 1803 Cophias holocericeus Wied-Neuwied, 1821 Trigonoceph[alus]. atrox – Schinz, 1822 Vipera atrox Weigelii – Schinz, 1822 Trigonoceph[alus]. holocericeus – Schinz, 1822 Bothrops furia Wagler, 1824 Bothrops tessellatus Wagler, 1824 Craspedocephalus atrox – Fitzinger, 1826 Craspedocephalus Weigelii – Fitzinger, 1826 [Bothrops] atrox – Wagler, 1830 [Bothrops] ambiguus – Wagler, 1830 T[rigonocephalus]. atrox – Schlegel, 1837 Trigonocephalus Colombiensis Hallowell, 1845 Bothrops affinis Gray, 1849 Bothrops atrox var. tessellatus – Jan & Sordelli, 1875 Lachesis atrox – Boulenger, 1896 Botrhops atrox – Recinos, 1913 B[othrops]. Neuvoiedii Venezuelenzi Briceño Rossi, 1934 Trimeresurus atrox – Schmidt & Walker, 1943 Bothrops atrox atrox – Hoge, 1952 Bothrops colombiensis – Hoge, 1966 Bothrops atrox colombiensis – Gubensk, Turk & Drujan, 1978 Bothrops isabelae Sandner-Montilla, 1979 Bothrops lanceolatus aidae Sandner-Montilla, 1981 B[othrops]. atrox aidae – Vanzolini, 1986 Bothrops lanceolatus nacaritae Sandner-Montilla, 1990[1]

参考文献

1. McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).