弧菌属(学名:Vibrio)是一属革兰氏阴性菌,属兼性厌氧菌。弧菌属多存在于水中,其中有许多种类具有致病性,例如:创伤弧菌、霍乱弧菌及肠炎弧菌等等。在型态上,弧菌呈直杆或弯曲的短杆状,其大小约为1.4~2.6μm × 0.3~0.5μm;不形成内孢子,藉一或多根极鞭毛运动。弧菌需借由钠离子刺激成长,且为绝对必须性。此外弧菌对化合物2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylpteridine phosphate(0/129)具感受性,DNAmol% G+C 38~51。
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弧菌在自然环境中,普遍存在于海洋、河口与水生生物体;其中许多弧菌不但为鱼虾贝类的病原菌株,有些甚至对人类亦具致病性,引致肠胃炎。
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