闭后圆唇元音是元音的一种。用于部分口说语言当中。国际音标用以表示此音的符号为⟨u⟩;而X-SAMPA则以 u
代表此音。
Quick Facts 闭后圆唇元音, u ...
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More information 国际音标:元音, 闭 ...
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普通话的韵母u就是此音。
在多数有此音的语言中,此音以唇内(endolabial)的方式发音;然而在少部分的状况下,此音以唇外(exolabial)的方式发音。
闭后突出元音是闭后圆唇元音最常见的变体。它通常在IPA中被转录为⟨u⟩,本文中亦依照此惯例。由于没有专门用于表示“突出”(英语:protruded)的IPA变音符号,因此可以使用表示唇化作用的旧式符号⟨ ̫⟩,即⟨u̫⟩。另一种可能的写法是⟨uʷ⟩ 或 ⟨ɯʷ⟩(被唇内化的闭后元音),但这种写法可能会被理解为双元音。
- 其元音高度为闭,这意指舌头的位置会尽量接近齿龈,但不会阻碍气流而被归类为子音。
- 其元音舌位是后,表示舌头的位置会尽可能地朝向口腔后部,但不至于阻碍气流而被归类为子音。
- 其圆唇度为圆唇元音,这表示嘴唇向前突起并圆形的开口,且唇内侧并不露出。
- 其元音圆唇度为突出,即将嘴角聚拢,且嘴唇内侧向外露出。
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Quick Facts 闭后不突出元音, u͍ ...
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在瑞典语、日语等语言中,其闭后元音使用了一种特别的圆唇方式,这样的情况被称作“不突出”(compressed)或唇外音(exolabial)。已知的语言中仅有上海话拥有与突出元音互相对比的闭后元音。但事实上,两个元音的高度都可以从可以在闭到半闭之间自由变化。
没有确定的变音符号来描述是否突出。但唇的不突出度可被⟨β̞⟩描写为⟨ɯ͡β̞⟩或⟨ɯᵝ⟩。展唇化变音符号⟨ ͍ ⟩作为ad hoc标用在圆唇元音⟨u͍⟩也可以,但'展'实际上意味着不圆唇。
- 其元音高度为闭,这意指舌头的位置会尽量接近齿龈,但不会阻碍气流而被归类为子音。
- 其元音舌位是后,表示舌头的位置会尽可能地朝向口腔后部,但不至于阻碍气流而被归类为子音。
- 其元音圆唇度为不突出,即嘴唇的边缘紧绷而聚在一起,且嘴唇内侧不向外露出。
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Fattah描述此音是长央元音 (p. 116)。
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