阿拉伯语音系（Arabic phonology）是阿拉伯语的语音系统的描述。虽然许多语言有许多不同的方言，但当代阿拉伯语口语被更恰当地描述为变体的连续体。[1]本文主要讨论现代标准阿拉伯语(MSA)，这是整个阿拉伯语地区受过教育的人共同使用的标准阿拉伯语变体。现代标准阿拉伯语用于正式印刷媒体的书面形式，以及多种类型的新闻广播、演讲，以及正式声明中的口头形式。[2]
现代标准阿拉伯语语音在大多数的现代方言变体中有28个辅音音位、以及6个元音音位，或者8个或者10个元音。所有音素都在强调（咽化）辅音、与非强调辅音之间形成对比。其中一些音素已在各种现代方言中合并，而新的音位则是通过借用，或音位的拆分来引入。"音素的长度质量"适用于辅音、以及元音。[3]
阿拉伯语辅音的主要方言变体围绕着六个辅音而展开；⟨ج⟩, ⟨ق⟩, ⟨ث⟩, ⟨ذ⟩, ⟨ض⟩ 与 ⟨ظ⟩:
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