葫芦猪笼草

葫芦猪笼草（学名：Nepenthes ventricosa）是菲律宾特有的热带食虫植物。^[2]其生长于海拔1000米至2000米的山地森林中。^[3]其存在于吕宋岛、班乃岛和辛布亚岛。^[4]

葫芦猪笼草
产自吕宋岛马荣火山自然公园的葫芦猪笼草
保护状况
近危（IUCN 2.3）
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真双子叶植物 Eudicots
目：	石竹目 Caryophyllales
科：	猪笼草科 Nepenthaceae
属：	猪笼草属 Nepenthes
种：	葫芦猪笼草 N. ventricosa
二名法
Nepenthes ventricosa Blanco (1837)[1]

其捕虫笼众多，可高达20厘米，为白色至红色。^[4]在野外，其捕虫笼存在硬质平口和软质斜口两种类型。硬质平口的捕虫笼更持久，而具软质斜口捕虫笼的植株更耐热。^[2]

葫芦猪笼草与布凯猪笼草（N. burkei ）和辛布亚岛猪笼草（N. sibuyanensis ）之间存在着密切的近缘关系。^[3]

4 sources

种下类群

• Nepenthes ventricosa f. luteoviridis Y.Fukatsu (1999) nom.nud.

自然杂交种

• N. alata × N. ventricosa^[3][=N. × ventrata]^[5]

1 sources

栽培方法

葫芦猪笼草属于容易栽培的中高地猪笼草，这种猪笼草以其成年植株极为优越的耐寒和耐低空气湿度性能而被视作是最为耐寒的猪笼草之一，甚至可以抵抗住短期的霜冻。^[2]就连许多比它更耐寒的园艺杂交种都是该物种的后代。

略微害怕炎热环境，在过于炎热的夏季最好对其进行遮阴。

葫芦猪笼草的杂交种对环境常常具有卓越的适应力，因此也经常被应用于园艺育种。

参考文献

1. （西班牙文） Blanco, F.M. 1837. Nepenthes. In: Flora de Filipinas. Segun el Sistema sexual de Linneo. Sto. Thomas por D. Candido Lopez, Manila. pp. 805–809.
2. 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 70–71. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.
3. McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
4. McPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
5. Fleming, R. 1979. Hybrid Nepenthes.PDF（626 KiB） Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 8(1): 10–12.

• Alejandro, G.J.D., J.P.C. Baysa, B.O.C. Lemana, G.M. Madulara, R.S. Madulid & D.A. Madulid 2007. Conspecificity of Nepenthes alata Blco. population found in Mt. Guisguis, Zambales inferred from Internal Transcribed Spacer (nrDNA) sequence data. Acta Manilana 55: 15–21. doi:10.3860/acta.v55i0.1482
• Alejandro, G.J.D., R.S. Madulid & D.A. Madulid 2008. The utility of Internal Transcribed Spacer (nrDNA) sequence data for phylogenetic reconstruction in endemic Philippine Nepenthes L. (Nepenthaceae). The Philippine Scientist 45: 99–110. doi:10.3860/psci.v45i0.994
• Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x
• Benz, M.J., E.V. Gorb & S.N. Gorb 2012. Diversity of the slippery zone microstructure in pitchers of nine carnivorous Nepenthes taxa. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 6(1): 147–158. doi:10.1007/s11829-011-9171-2
• Beveridge, N.G.P., C. Rauch, P.J.A. Keßler, R.R. van Vugt & P.C. van Welzen 2013. A new way to identify living species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae): more data needed! Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 42(4): 122–128.
• （西班牙文） Blanco, F.M. 1845. Nepenthes. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） In: Flora de Filipinas, segun el sistema sexual de Linneo. Segunda impresion, corregida y aumentada por el mismo autor. D. Miguel Sanchez, Manila. pp. 555–557.
• （拉丁文） Blume, C.L. 1852. Ord. Nepenthaceae. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） In: Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1. E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.
• Bonhomme, V., H. Pelloux-Prayer, E. Jousselin, Y. Forterre, J.-J. Labat & L. Gaume 2011. Slippery or sticky? Functional diversity in the trapping strategy of Nepenthes carnivorous plants. New Phytologist 191(2): 545–554. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03696.x
• Buch, F., M. Rott, S. Rottloff, C. Paetz, I. Hilke, M. Raessler & A. Mithöfer 2012. Secreted pitfall-trap fluid of carnivorous Nepenthes plants is unsuitable for microbial growth. Annals of Botany 111(3): 375–383. doi:10.1093/aob/mcs287
• Clarke et al. Nepenthes ventricosa. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000. [11 May 2006]. 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
• Co, L. & W. Suarez 2012. Nepenthaceae （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines.
• Duffield, R.M. & P. Sheridan 2007. Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), larvae in pitchers of Nepenthes ventricosa Blanco (Nepenthaceae) in Virginia （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 109(2): 489–492.
• （法文） Jarry-Desloges, R. 1903. Variétés nouvelles ou rares de Nepenthes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Le Jardin 17: 72.
• Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea 42(1): 1–106.
• Kurup, R., A.J. Johnson, S. Sankar, A.A. Hussain, C.S. Kumar & S. Baby 2013. Fluorescent prey traps in carnivorous plants. Plant Biology 15(3): 611–615. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00709.x
• Macfarlane, J.M. 1927. The Philippine species of Nepenthes. The Philippine Journal of Science 33(2): 127–140.
• （印尼文） Mansur, M. 2001. Koleksi Nepenthes di Herbarium Bogoriense: prospeknya sebagai tanaman hias.PDF In: Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253.
• （德文） McPherson, S. & T. Gronemeyer 2008. Die Nepenthesarten der Philippinen Eine Fotodokumentation. Das Taublatt 60(1): 34–78.
• Meimberg, H., P. Dittrich, G. Bringmann, J. Schlauer & G. Heubl 2000. Molecular phylogeny of Caryophyllidae s.l. based on matK sequences with special emphasis on carnivorous taxa. Plant Biology 2(2): 218–228. doi:10.1055/s-2000-9460
• Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. doi:10.1055/s-2001-12897
• （德文） Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l..PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
• Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676
• Merrill, E.D. 1905. Nepenthaceæ. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） In: A review of the identifications of the species described in Blanco's Flora de Filipinas. Bureau of Public Printing, Manila. p. 72.
• Merrill, E.D. 1918. Nepenthaceae （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. In: Species Blancoanae: a critical revision of the Philippine species of plants described by Blanco and by Llanos. Bureau of Printing, Manila. p. 160.
• Nerz, J., P. Mann, T. Alt & T. Smith 1998. Nepenthes sibuyanensis, a new Nepenthes from Sibuyan, a remote island of the Philippines （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 27(1): 18–23.
• Renner, T. & C.D. Specht 2011. A sticky situation: assessing adaptations for plant carnivory in the Caryophyllales by means of stochastic character mapping. International Journal of Plant Sciences 172(7): 889–901. doi:10.1086/660882
• Rottloff, S., R. Stieber, H. Maischak, F.G. Turini, G. Heubl & A. Mithöfer 2011. Functional characterization of a class III acid endochitinase from the traps of the carnivorous pitcher plant genus, Nepenthes. Journal of Experimental Botany 62(13): 4639–4647. doi:10.1093/jxb/err173
• Shin, K.-S., S. Lee & B.J. Cha 2007. Suppression of phytopathogenic fungi by hexane extract of Nepenthes ventricosa x maxima leaf. Fitoterapia 78(7–8): 585–586. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2007.03.020
• Slack, A. 1979. Nepenthes ventricosa. In: Carnivorous Plants. Ebury Press, London. p. 85.
• Stephenson, P.& J. Hogan 2006. Cloning and characterization of a ribonuclease, a cysteine proteinase, and an aspartic proteinase from pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes ventricosa Blanco. International Journal of Plant Sciences 167(2): 239–248. doi:10.1086/499284
• Thornhill, A.H., I.S. Harper & N.D. Hallam 2008. The development of the digestive glands and enzymes in the pitchers of three Nepenthes species: N. alata, N. tobaica, and N. ventricosa (Nepenthaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 169(5): 615–624. doi:10.1086/533599

扩展阅读

• 食虫植物照片搜寻引擎中葫芦猪笼草的照片 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：葫芦猪笼草 维基物种上的相关信息：葫芦猪笼草