维克松湖

维克松湖（Wixom Lake）是美国密歇根州埃登维尔水坝建造后形成的一个水库^[1] 。以水坝兴建者弗兰克·伊萨克·维克松（Frank Isaac Wixom）命名。

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诉讼案

水库运营商在2018年及2019年间，在未取得密歇根州环境、五大湖和能源部（Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy，简称EGLE）许可证的情况下，以“下游安全的考虑”为由，降低了水库水位，并于当地时间2020年4月29日向联邦法院起诉EGLE^[2] 。

随后，EGLE反诉运营商下降水位，导致了成千上万的淡水贻贝死亡^[3]^[4]。

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溃坝事故

2020年5月,因Tittabawassee River（英语：Tittabawassee River）泛滥, 埃登维尔水坝发生溃坝, 州长Gretchen Whitmer（英语：Gretchen Whitmer）宣布进入紧急状态，疏散下游居民^[5]。

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参考资料

[1]
美国地质调查局地名资讯系统：Wixom Lake
[2]
Garret Ellison. Failed dam owner fought with state over Wixom Lake levels before flood. Booth Newspapers. 2020-05-21 [2020-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）. Boyce says it asked EGLE for permission to lower Wixom Lake last fall “due to concern for the safety of its operators and the downstream community.” EGLE and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources denied the request. Boyce lowered the lake without approval in mid-November “believing its safety concerns were paramount.” Boyce sued the state on April 29 in Grand Rapids federal court
[3]
JOHN FLESHER. Michigan dam had repeated safety violations before flooding. Washington Post. Associated Press. 2020-05-20 [2020-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-03）. The company twice lowered Wixom Lake's level without permission after the federal license was revoked, said Nick Assendelft, spokesman for the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes and Energy, which has overseen the Edenville barrier since its federal license was withdrawn [...] A lawsuit filed April 30 says the lengthy drawdowns in 2018 and 2019 killed “thousands, if not millions” of freshwater mussels, many listed as endangered species
[4]
Riley Beggin; Mike Wilkinson; Kelly House, Bridge Magazine. Feds revoked dam’s license over safety issues. Then Michigan deemed it safe. 2020-05-20 [2020-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-18）. State officials alleged Boyce's dams lowered the lake without permission in 2018 and 2019, and sued the company in April alleging the actions killed "thousands if not millions" of endangered freshwater mussels.
[5]
Acosta, Roberto. Residents told to evacuate after Edenville Dam failure in Midland County. MLive. 2020-05-19 [2020-05-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-04）.

[GNIS-1] [1]
美国地质调查局地名资讯系统：Wixom Lake

[2] [2]
Garret Ellison. Failed dam owner fought with state over Wixom Lake levels before flood. Booth Newspapers. 2020-05-21 [2020-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）. Boyce says it asked EGLE for permission to lower Wixom Lake last fall “due to concern for the safety of its operators and the downstream community.” EGLE and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources denied the request. Boyce lowered the lake without approval in mid-November “believing its safety concerns were paramount.” Boyce sued the state on April 29 in Grand Rapids federal court

[EGLElawsuitmussels-3] [3]
JOHN FLESHER. Michigan dam had repeated safety violations before flooding. Washington Post. Associated Press. 2020-05-20 [2020-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-03）. The company twice lowered Wixom Lake's level without permission after the federal license was revoked, said Nick Assendelft, spokesman for the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes and Energy, which has overseen the Edenville barrier since its federal license was withdrawn [...] A lawsuit filed April 30 says the lengthy drawdowns in 2018 and 2019 killed “thousands, if not millions” of freshwater mussels, many listed as endangered species

[4] [4]
Riley Beggin; Mike Wilkinson; Kelly House, Bridge Magazine. Feds revoked dam’s license over safety issues. Then Michigan deemed it safe. 2020-05-20 [2020-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-18）. State officials alleged Boyce's dams lowered the lake without permission in 2018 and 2019, and sued the company in April alleging the actions killed "thousands if not millions" of endangered freshwater mussels.

[5] [5]
Acosta, Roberto. Residents told to evacuate after Edenville Dam failure in Midland County. MLive. 2020-05-19 [2020-05-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-04）.

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