使君子氨酸

使君子氨酸
	IUPAC名; (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-oxadiazolidin-2-yl)propanoic acid
识别
CAS号	52809-07-1
PubChem	40539
ChemSpider	37038
SMILES	O=C1NC(=O)ON1C[C@H](N)C(=O)O;
InChI	1/C5H7N3O5/c6-2(3(9)10)1-8-4(11)7-5(12)13-8/h2H,1,6H2,(H,9,10)(H,7,11,12)/t2-/m0/s1;
InChIKey	ASNFTDCKZKHJSW-REOHCLBHBE
DrugBank	DB02999
KEGG	C08296
MeSH	Quisqualic+Acid
IUPHAR配体	1372
性质
化学式	C5H7N3O5
摩尔质量	189.13 g·mol−1
熔点	187—188 °C（369—370 °F；460—461 K）（分解）
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

使君子氨酸（英语：Quisqualic acid）是一种AMPA受体、红藻氨酸受体和I型代谢型谷氨酸受体的激动剂，也是已知最强的AMPA受体激动剂^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]。由于它具有兴奋毒性，被广泛用于神经科学研究中，选择性地破坏大脑中的神经元或脊髓^[5]^[6]^[7]。使君子氨酸存在于使君子科物种的种子中。一项由美国农业部进行的研究显示，使君子氨酸也存在于天竺葵属的花瓣中，并能使其天敌甲壳虫神经系统瘫痪^[8]^[9]。其作用机理为，使君子氨酸可被视为L-谷氨酸的类似物，可以作为昆虫神经肌肉结和哺乳动物中枢神经系统的神经递质。^[10]

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参考文献

[1]
Jin R, Horning M, Mayer ML, Gouaux E. Mechanism of activation and selectivity in a ligand-gated ion channel: structural and functional studies of GluR2 and quisqualate. Biochemistry. 2002 Dec 31;41(52):15635-43. PMID 12501192
[2]
Kuang D, Hampson DR. Ion dependence of ligand binding to metabotropic glutamate receptors. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2006 Jun 23;345(1):1-6. PMID 16674916
[3]
Zhang W, Robert A, Vogensen SB, Howe JR. The relationship between agonist potency and AMPA receptor kinetics. Biophysical Journal. 2006 Aug 15;91(4):1336-46. PMID 16731549
[4]
Bentham Science Publishers. Current Pharmaceutical Design. Bentham Science Publishers. August 1996: 399– [2018-09-07]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-13）.
[5]
Muir JL, Page KJ, Sirinathsinghji DJ, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ. Excitotoxic lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons: effects on learning, memory and attention. Behavioural Brain Research. 1993 Nov 30;57(2):123-31. PMID 7509608
[6]
Giovannelli L, Casamenti F, Pepeu G. C-fos expression in the rat nucleus basalis upon excitotoxic lesion with quisqualic acid: a study in adult and aged animals. Journal of Neural Transmission. 1998;105(8-9):935-48. PMID 9869327
[7]
Lee JW, Furmanski O, Castellanos DA, Daniels LA, Hama AT, Sagen J. Prolonged nociceptive responses to hind paw formalin injection in rats with a spinal cord injury. Neuroscience Letters. 2008 Jul 11;439(2):212-5. PMID 18524486
[8]
Geraniums and Begonias: New Research on Old Garden Favorites （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (the March 2010 issue of Agricultural Research magazine.)
[9]
Ranger, C.M., Winter, R. E., Singh, A. P., Reding, M. E., Frantz, J. M., Locke, J. C., and Krause, C. R. 2011. Rare excitatory amino acid from flowers of zonal geranium responsible for paralyzing the Japanese beetle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/12/29/1013497108.full.pdf+html
[10]
Usherwood, P. N. R. 1994. Insect glutamate receptors. Advances in Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 24: 309-341.

[1] [1]
Jin R, Horning M, Mayer ML, Gouaux E. Mechanism of activation and selectivity in a ligand-gated ion channel: structural and functional studies of GluR2 and quisqualate. Biochemistry. 2002 Dec 31;41(52):15635-43. PMID 12501192

[2] [2]
Kuang D, Hampson DR. Ion dependence of ligand binding to metabotropic glutamate receptors. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2006 Jun 23;345(1):1-6. PMID 16674916

[3] [3]
Zhang W, Robert A, Vogensen SB, Howe JR. The relationship between agonist potency and AMPA receptor kinetics. Biophysical Journal. 2006 Aug 15;91(4):1336-46. PMID 16731549

[Publishers1996-4] [4]
Bentham Science Publishers. Current Pharmaceutical Design. Bentham Science Publishers. August 1996: 399– [2018-09-07]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-13）.

[5] [5]
Muir JL, Page KJ, Sirinathsinghji DJ, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ. Excitotoxic lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons: effects on learning, memory and attention. Behavioural Brain Research. 1993 Nov 30;57(2):123-31. PMID 7509608

[6] [6]
Giovannelli L, Casamenti F, Pepeu G. C-fos expression in the rat nucleus basalis upon excitotoxic lesion with quisqualic acid: a study in adult and aged animals. Journal of Neural Transmission. 1998;105(8-9):935-48. PMID 9869327

[7] [7]
Lee JW, Furmanski O, Castellanos DA, Daniels LA, Hama AT, Sagen J. Prolonged nociceptive responses to hind paw formalin injection in rats with a spinal cord injury. Neuroscience Letters. 2008 Jul 11;439(2):212-5. PMID 18524486

[8] [8]
Geraniums and Begonias: New Research on Old Garden Favorites （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (the March 2010 issue of Agricultural Research magazine.)

[9] [9]
Ranger, C.M., Winter, R. E., Singh, A. P., Reding, M. E., Frantz, J. M., Locke, J. C., and Krause, C. R. 2011. Rare excitatory amino acid from flowers of zonal geranium responsible for paralyzing the Japanese beetle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/12/29/1013497108.full.pdf+html

[10] [10]
Usherwood, P. N. R. 1994. Insect glutamate receptors. Advances in Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 24: 309-341.

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