1938年—1939年德国远征西藏

1938年4月—1939年8月，一支德国远征队在西藏进行探险。此次远征由德国动物学家、党卫队军官恩斯特·舍费尔率领，并得到了党卫军领袖海因里希·希姆莱的赞助和党卫军附属组织祖先遗产学会的支持^[1]。这是德国首支正式深入西藏并到达拉萨的远征队^[2][3]。

探险队成员与锡金王国甘托克接待人员的合影，从左到右依次为：未知、未知藏族人（或锡金布蒂亚人）、布鲁诺·贝格尔（英语：Bruno Beger）、恩斯特·舍费尔、巴兹尔·古德、恩斯特·克劳泽、未知锡金布蒂亚人、卡尔·维纳特（德语：Karl Wienert）、埃德蒙·格尔、未知、未知

除舍费尔外，远征队成员还包括埃德蒙·格尔（Edmund Geer；技术人员）、恩斯特·克劳泽（昆虫学家、摄影师）、卡尔·维纳特（德语：Karl Wienert）（地质学家）和布鲁诺·贝格尔（英语：Bruno Beger）（种族学家）^[4][5]。

探险队到达英属印度与锡金后，于1938年10月越过藏印边境，1939年1月19日抵达拉萨，并在那里停留了两个月。他们在拉萨郊外受到了国民政府蒙藏委员会咨议张威白的迎接^[6][7]。队员们与西藏精英人士建立了良好的关系，其中包括摄政热振·图旦绛白益西丹巴坚赞^[8]。他们收集了大量的植物和动物，并进行了地磁测量以及民族学和人类学观察。

由于纳粹德国的地缘战略和种族主义目标，此次探险的真正科学意义存在争议。

参考文献

1. "Schäfer cannily had a letterhead printed. It read DEUTSCHE TIBET EXPEDITION ERNST SCHÄFER in large letters, then 'under the patronage of the Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler and in connection with the Ahnenerbe' in small letters" (Hale 2003).
2. "They are the first official German expédition to enter Tibet and reach Lhasa, its holy city" (Hale 2003).
3. McKay 2003，第188页.
4. "Everyone of the five German scientists was also an officer in the SS" (Hale 2003).
5. "Schäfer […] was a fastidious zoologist with a passion for Tibetan birds. […] . Ernst Krause was a botanist and entomologist; Karl Wienert was a geographer whose task was to measure variations in the earth’s magnetic field in the Himalayas; and Bruno Beger was an anthropologist who would spend his time in Tibet measuring the heads and bodies of its people" (Hale 2003).
6. Hsiao-Ting Lin, Tibet And Nationalist China's Frontier: Intrigues And Ethnopolitics, 1928-49, p. 82 : List of Nationalist Chinese Representatives at Lhasa. […] Technician of the Chinese wireless station in Lhassa. Served as acting representative.
7. "One of them would greet the humiliated Ernst Schäfer outside Lhasa five years later. His name was Chang Wei-pei, and he was said to be something of an oddball and an opium addict" (Hale 2003，第150页).
8. "By now the expedition had spent more than two monts in Lhasa and they had become honoured guests and friends of the city's elite. […] By now the Germans were on very good terms with Reting" (Hale 2003).

书目

• McKay, Alex. Tibet and Her Neighbours : A History. Hansjörg Mayer. 2003. ISBN 3883757187.
• Hale, Christopher. John Wiley & Sons , 编. Himmler's Crusade. The Nazi Expedition to Find the Origins of the Aryan Race. Hoboken (New Jersey. 2003. ISBN 0-471-26292-7 （英语）.

外部链接

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：1938年—1939年德国远征西藏