钾的同位素

钾（原子质量单位：39.0983(1)）共有28个同位素，其中有2个是稳定的。

主要的钾同位素

同位素 衰变 丰度 半衰期 (t1/2) 方式 能量 （MeV） 产物 39K 93.2581% 稳定，带20粒中子 40K 0.0117% 1.248×109 年 β− 1.311 40Ca ε 1.505 40Ar β+ 0.483 40Ar 41K 6.7302% 稳定，带22粒中子
标准原子质量（英语：Standard atomic weight） (Ar, 标准)	39.0983(1)[1]
←Ar（18） Ca（20）→
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图表

符号	Z	N	同位素质量（u） [n 1][n 2]	半衰期 [n 1][n 2][n 3]	衰变 方式[2]	衰变 产物 [n 4][n 5]	原子核 自旋[n 1]	相对丰度 （莫耳分率）[3][n 2]
	激发能量[n 2]
31 K[4][5]	19	12		<10 ps	3p	28S
34K[6]	19	15	33.998404(18)		p	33Ar
35K	19	16	34.988010(21)	178(8) ms	β+ (99.63%)	35Ar	3/2+
					β+, p (.37%)	34Cl
36K	19	17	35.981292(8)	342(2) ms	β+ (99.94%)	36Ar	2+
					β+, p (.048%)	35Cl
					β+, α (.012%)	32S
37K	19	18	36.97337589(10)	1.226(7) s	β+	37Ar	3/2+
38K	19	19	37.9690812(5)	7.636(18) min	β+	38Ar	3+
38m1K	130.50(28) keV			924.2(3) ms			0+
38m2K	3458.0(2) keV			21.98(11) µs			(7+),(5+)
39 K	19	20	38.96370668(20)	稳定			3/2+	0.932581(44)
40 K [n 6][n 7]	19	21	39.96399848(21)	1.248(3)×109 y	β− (89.28%)	40Ca	4	1.17(1)×10−4
					EC (10.72%)	40Ar
					β+ (0.001%)[7]
40mK	1643.639(11) keV			336(12) ns			0+
41K	19	22	40.96182576(21)	稳定			3/2+	0.067302(44)
42K	19	23	41.96240281(24)	12.360(12) h	β−	42Ca	2
43K	19	24	42.960716(10)	22.3(1) h	β−	43Ca	3/2+
44K	19	25	43.96156(4)	22.13(19) min	β−	44Ca	2−
45K	19	26	44.960699(11)	17.3(6) min	β−	45Ca	3/2+
46K	19	27	45.961977(17)	105(10) s	β−	46Ca	2(−)
47K	19	28	46.961678(9)	17.50(24) s	β−	47Ca	1/2+
48K	19	29	47.965514(26)	6.8(2) s	β− (98.86%)	48Ca	(2−)
					β−, n (1.14%)	47Ca
49K	19	30	48.96745(8)	1.26(5) s	β−, n (86%)	48Ca	(3/2+)
					β− (14%)	49Ca
50K	19	31	49.97278(30)	472(4) ms	β− (71%)	50Ca	(0−,1,2−)
					β−, n (29%)	49Ca
51K	19	32	50.97638(54)#	365(5) ms	β− (53%)	51Ca	3/2+#
					β−, n (47%)	50Ca
52K	19	33	51.98261(75)#	105(5) ms	β−, n (64%)	51Ca	(2−)#
					β−, 2n (21%)	50Ca
					β− (15%)	52Ca
53K	19	34	52.98712(75)#	30(5) ms	β−, n (67%)	52Ca	(3/2+)#
					β−, 2n (17%)	51Ca
					β− (16%)	53Ca
54K	19	35	53.99420(97)#	10(5) ms	β− (>99.9%)	54Ca	2−#
					β−, n (<.1%)	53Ca
55K	19	36	54.99971(107)#	3# ms	β−	55Ca	3/2+#
					β−, n	54Ca
56K	19	37	56.00851(86)#	1# ms	β−	56Ca	2−#
					β−, n	55Ca
57K[8][9]	19	38			β−	57Ca
59K[9][n 8]	19	40			β−	59Ca

1. 画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明，仅为理论推测。
2. 用括号括起来的数据代表不确定性。
3. 半衰期超过5亿年的同位素以粗体表示。
4. 稳定的衰变产物以粗体表示。
5. 半衰期超过5亿年的衰变产物以粗斜体表示。
6. 用于钾－氩年代测定法
7. 原始（英语：Primordial nuclide）放射性核素
8. 未确认的同位素

←	同位素列表	→
氩的同位素	钾的同位素	钙的同位素

8 sources

参考文献

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• Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
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