氢吗啡酮

氢吗啡酮（英语：hydromorphone）又称二氢吗啡酮（dihydromorphinone），商品名为 Dilaudid 等，是一种含氮有机化合物，化学式C₁₇H₁₉NO₃，是一种用于缓解中度至重度疼痛的吗啡喃类阿片药物^[5]。

氢吗啡酮

临床资料
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）	Dilaudid, Palladone, others
其他名称	Dihydromorphinone
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682013
核准状况	美 DailyMed: Hydromorphone
怀孕分级	澳: C [1]
依赖性	High[2]
成瘾性	High[3]
给药途径	By mouth, intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous
药物类别（英语：Drug class）	Opioid
ATC码	N02AA03 (WHO)
法律规范状态
法律规范	澳：受管控（S8） 加：Schedule I 德：Anlage III NZ：Class B 英：Class A Controlled Drug: Schedule II 美：附表II UN：Narcotic Schedule I
药物动力学数据
生物利用度	By mouth: 30–35%, Intranasal: 52–58%,[4] IV/IM: 100%
血浆蛋白结合率	20%
药物代谢	肝
药效起始时间（英语：Onset of action）	15-30分钟[5]
生物半衰期	2–3 hours[6]
作用时间	4 to 5 hrs[5]
排泄途径	Kidney
识别信息
IUPAC命名法 4,5-α-Epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl morphinan-6-one
CAS号	466-99-9  Y
PubChem CID	5284570
IUPHAR/BPS	7082
DrugBank	DB00327 Y
ChemSpider	4447624 Y
UNII	Q812464R06
KEGG	D08047 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:5790 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL398707 Y
CompTox Dashboard（英语：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID8023133
ECHA InfoCard	100.006.713
化学信息
化学式	C17H19NO3
摩尔质量	285.34 g·mol−1
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））	交互式图像
水溶性	HCl salt: 333
SMILES O=C4[C@@H]5Oc1c2c(ccc1O)C[C@H]3N(CC[C@]25[C@H]3CC4)C
InChI InChI=1S/C17H19NO3/c1-18-7-6-17-10-3-5-13(20)16(17)21-15-12(19)4-2-9(14(15)17)8-11(10)18/h2,4,10-11,16,19H,3,5-8H2,1H3/t10-,11+,16-,17-/m0/s1 Y Key:WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N Y

该药物通常用于缓解癌症导致的剧痛，以口服或静脉、肌肉、皮下注射施用，药效在施用后30分钟作用，可持续5小时左右。哺乳或怀孕者禁用本药。该药物列名世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单^[8]。在2021年，该药物名列美国最常处方药排名第261名。

7 sources

参考文献

1. Hydromorphone Use During Pregnancy. Drugs.com. 19 November 2019 [16 May 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-26）.
2. Bonewit-West K, Hunt SA, Applegate E. Today's Medical Assistant: Clinical and Administrative Procedures. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2012: 571 [2024-02-12]. ISBN 9781455701506. （原始内容存档于2023-01-10） （英语）.
3. Bonewit-West K, Hunt SA, Applegate E. Today's Medical Assistant: Clinical and Administrative Procedures. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2012: 571 [20 August 2019]. ISBN 9781455701506. （原始内容存档于10 January 2023）.
4. Coda BA, Rudy AC, Archer SM, Wermeling DP. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of single-dose intranasal hydromorphone hydrochloride in healthy volunteers. Anesthesia and Analgesia. July 2003, 97 (1): 117–23, table of contents. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.551.6509 . PMID 12818953. S2CID 22694749. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000066311.40978.4F.
5. Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals. Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [15 April 2019]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-01） （英语）.
6. Vallner JJ, Stewart JT, Kotzan JA, Kirsten EB, Honigberg IL. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of hydromorphone following intravenous and oral administration to human subjects. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. April 1981, 21 (4): 152–156. PMID 6165742. S2CID 29864565. doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb05693.x.
7. Anvisa. RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control]. Diário Oficial da União. 31 March 2023 (4 April 2023) [16 August 2023]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2023） （巴西葡萄牙语）. 请检查|publication-date=中的日期值 (帮助)
8. World Health Organization. The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2023. hdl:10665/371090 . WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.

外部链接

• Article discussing withdrawal of extended-release hydromorphone from the U.S. market （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Dihydromorphinones from morphine & analogues （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• United States DEA's perspective, including statistics on manufacture and prescription levels from 1998 to 2006
• "When is a pain doctor a drug pusher?" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The New York Times, 17 June 2007