雷夫·佛漢·威廉士,OM(英語:Ralph Vaughan Williams,1872年10月12日—1958年8月26日),英國作曲家。他亦是英國民歌的收集者。
![]() | 此條目可參照英語維基百科相應條目來擴充,此條目在對應語言版為高品質條目。 (2022年1月11日) |
生平
![Thumb](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Darwin-Wedgwood-Galton_family_tree.png/640px-Darwin-Wedgwood-Galton_family_tree.png)
佛漢·威廉士出生於告羅士打郡的下安普尼,而其父亞瑟·佛漢·威廉士則是一名副主教。父親逝世後,他在1875年被其母親瑪嘉烈·蘇珊·瑋緻活(Margaret Susan Wedgwood,1843–1937,陶瓷家約書亞·瑋緻活之曾孫女)照顧,並於其位於市北處的利斯山地方的家庭同住。達爾文為威廉斯的伯叔,兩者間頗有關係。 雷夫(Rayf[1])於是被稱作尊貴而聰明的中上階級,但他沒有視以為自然,仍努力不懈為其相信的民主和自由觀念奮鬥[2]。
作為一個學生,他學習鋼琴,「但我永不懂彈奏,而小提琴則是我音樂的拯救」。中學畢業之後,進入皇家音樂學院,然後進入劍橋大學三一學院學習音樂史,後又回到皇家音樂學院學習作曲。
1909年赴巴黎,就教於慕禮斯·拉威爾,為拉威爾唯一的門徒。
他的音樂創作成就很晚,直到30歲他的一首名叫《Linden Lea》歌曲才成為他的第一個發表作品。他把很多精力用於收集民歌。
![]() | 此章節尚無任何內容,需要擴充。 |
![]() | 此章節尚無任何內容,需要擴充。 |
作品節選
佛漢·威廉士的大部分作品皆由牛津大學出版社所出版,該社在2022年10月12日(即作曲家一百五十歲誕辰)宣佈將一批文獻贈與大英博物館,其內容包括總譜謄稿、訂正文件,以及指揮首演使用的演奏指示等。[3]以下依美國國會圖書分類法排序,列舉他的部分作品:
- 管風琴
- Three Preludes on Welsh Hymntunes(Bryn Calfaria, Rhosymedre, Hyfrydol)(1920)
- A Wedding Tune for Ann(1943)
- Two Organ Preludes(The White Rock, St. David's Day)(1956)
- The Old Hundredth Psalm-Tune(?)
- 室樂及樂器
- c小調絃樂五重奏(小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴及鋼琴)(1903)
- g小調第1絃樂四重奏(1908)
- a小調第2絃樂四重奏(1942-44)
- 《五重奏幻想曲》Phantasy Quintet(2小提琴、中提琴及2大提琴)(1912)
- 《六首英國民歌練習曲》Six Studies in English Folk-Song(大提琴及鋼琴)(1926)
- 《三首以威爾斯曲調而寫成的前奏曲》Three Preludes on Welsh Hymn Tunes(管風琴)(1956)
- 為中提琴及鋼琴的浪漫曲(日子不詳)
- 交響曲
- 《在郊野的沼澤上》(In the Fen Country,1904)
- 《第1羅福幻想曲》(Norfolk Rhapsody No. 1,1906,1914修訂)
- 《黃蜂》,阿里斯托芬式組曲(The Wasps,1909)
- 《泰利斯主題幻想曲》(Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis;1910,1913及1919修訂)
- 《綠袖子幻想曲》(Fantasia on "Greensleeves",1934)
- 《迪夫與拉沙羅的五個變奏曲》(Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus,1939)
- 《大協奏曲》(Concerto Grosso,1950)
- 協奏曲
- 鋼琴
- C大調鋼琴協奏曲(1926-31)
- 雙鋼琴協奏曲(1946,為上者之重製)
- 小提琴
- 《雲雀高飛》(The Lark Ascending,為小提琴和管弦樂所作,1914)
- 《學院協奏曲》(Concerto Accademico,為小提琴和管弦樂所作,1924-25)
- 中提琴
- 《田野之花》(Flos Campi,中提琴、無詞合唱團、小型樂隊,1925)
- 《中提琴及小型管弦樂套曲》(Suite for Viola and Small Orchestra,1936-38)
- 雙簧管協奏曲,a小調,(雙簧管及弦樂器,1944)
- 為鋼琴、合唱團和交響樂團所寫的《為詩篇104篇而寫的幻想曲(類近變奏曲)》(Fantasia(quasi variazione) on the Old 104th Psalm Tune,1949)
- 為口琴及樂隊所寫的《降D大調浪漫曲》(Romance in D flat for harmonica and orchestra,1951,為拉利阿德勒Larry Adler所作)
- f小調大號協奏曲(Concerto for Bass Tuba,1954)
- 管樂團
- 《英國民歌組曲》"English Folk Song Suite"(1923)
- Toccata Marziale for military band(1924)
- Flourish for Wind Band(1939)
- Sea Songs
- Overture: Henry V for brass band
- Variations for brass band(1957)
- 歌劇
- Hugh the Drover或Love in the Stocks(1910-20)
- Sir John in Love(約翰爵士談戀愛1924-28),即其創作之綠袖子主題幻想曲的來源。
- The Poisoned Kiss(1927-29,修訂版為1936-37及1956-57)
- Riders to the Sea(海上騎士、騎馬入海的人,1925-32),由約翰·沁孤之劇本改編。
- The Pilgrim's Progress(天路歷程,1909-51),基於約翰·本仁之託寓詩
- Old King Cole(大王科爾,1923)
- Job, a masque for dancing(假面舞劇《約伯》,1930)
- 合唱
- Toward the Unknown Region, song for chorus and orchestra, setting of Walt Whitman(1906)
- Five Mystical Songs for baritone, chorus and orchestra, settings of George Herbert(1911)
- Fantasia on Christmas Carols for baritone, chorus, and orchestra(1912; arranged also for reduced orchestra of organ, strings, percussion)
- Mass in G小調 for unaccompanied choir(1922)
- Sancta Civitas(The Holy City) oratorio, text mainly from the Book of Revelation(1923-25)
- Te Deum in G(1928)
- Benedicite for soprano, chorus, and orchestra(1929)
- In Windsor Forest, adapted from the opera Sir John in Love(1929)
- Three Choral Hymns(1929)
- Magnificat for contralto, women's chorus, and orchestra(1932)
- Five Tudor Portraits for contralto, baritone, chorus, and orchestra(1935)
- Dona nobis pacem,沃特·衛特曼詞及其他(1936)
- Festival Te Deum for chorus and orchestra or organ(1937)
- Serenade to Music for sixteen solo voices and orchestra, a setting of Shakespeare(1938)
- A Song for Thanksgiving(原作 Thanksgiving for Victory) for narrator, soprano solo, children's chorus, mixed chorus, and orchestra(1944)
- An Oxford Elegy for narrator, mixed chorus and small orchestra(1949)
- Three Shakespeare Songs ,為SATB沒有伴奏的,用作英聯邦國家音樂競賽(The British Federation of Music Festivals National Competitive Festival ,1951)
- Hodie, a Christmas oratorio(1954)
- Folk songs of the Four Seasons for unaccompanied SSA chorus.
- Epithalamion for baritone solo, chorus, flute, piano, and strings(1957)
- Numerous hymns, some of which were first published in the English Hymnal of 1906, of which Vaughan Williams was the musical editor, collaborating with Percy Dearmer.
- 聲樂
- "Linden Lea",歌(1901)
- The House of Life(1904)
- Songs of Travel(1904)
- "The Sky Above The Roof"(1908)
- On Wenlock Edge, song cycle for tenor, piano and string quartet(1909)
- Along the Field, for tenor and violin
- Three Poems by Walt Whitman for baritone and piano(1920)
- Four Poems by Fredegond Shove: for baritone and piano(1922)
- Four Hymns for Tenor, Viola and Strings(1914)
- Merciless Beauty for tenor, two violins, and cello
- Four Last Songs(Vaughan Williams)|Four Last Songs to poems of Ursula Vaughan Williams
- Ten William Blake|Blake songs, song cycle for high voice and oboe(1957)
- 電影、電台、電視配樂
- 49th Parallel, 1940, his first, talked into it by Muir Mathieson to assuage his guilt at being able to do nothing for the war-effort
- Coastal Command(film)|Coastal Command, 1942[4]
- BBC改編本The Pilgrim's Progress, 1942
- The People's Land, 1943
- The Story of a Flemish Farm, 1943
- Stricken Peninsula, 1945
- The Loves of Joanna Godden, 1946
- Scott of the Antarctic(1948 film)|Scott of the Antarctic, 1948, partially reused for his Symphony No. 7 Sinfonia Antartica
參見
參考資料
外部連結
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.