Kobyliński, Zbigniew (1995). "The Slavs". In McKitterick, Rosamond (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 1, c.500-c.700. Cambridge University Press. p. 531. ISBN 9780521362917.
Raymond E. Zickel; Library of Congress. Federal Research Division (1 December 1991). Soviet Union: A Country Study. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-8444-0727-2.
Estimates range between 130 and 150 million. 111 million in the Russian Federation (2010 census), about 16 million ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states (8 M in Ukraine, 4.5 M in Kazakhstan, 1 M in Belarus, 0.6 M Latvia, 0.6 M in Uzbekistan, 0.6 M in Kyrgyzstan. Up to 10 million Russian diaspora elsewhere (mostly Americas and Western Europe).
including 36,522,000 single ethnic identity, 871,000 multiple ethnic identity (especially 431,000 Polish and Silesian, 216,000 Polish and Kashubian and 224,000 Polish and another identity) in Poland (according to the census 2011 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)) and estimated over 20,000,000 Polish Diaspora Świat Polonii, witryna Stowarzyszenia Wspólnota Polska: "Polacy za granicą"互聯網檔案館的存檔,存檔日期8 September 2015. (Polish people abroad as per summary by Świat Polonii, internet portal of the association Wspólnota Polska)
Hrvatski Svjetski Kongres. [1 June 2016]. (原始內容存檔於2003-06-23)., Croatian World Congress, "4.5 million Croats and people of Croatian heritage live outside of the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina"
including 4,353,000 in Slovakia (according to the census 2011), 147,000 single ethnic identity, 19,000 multiple ethnic identity (especially 18,000 Czech and Slovak and 1,000 Slovak and another identity) in Czech Republic (according to the census 2011), 53,000 in Serbia (according to the census 2011 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)), 762,000 in the USA (according to the census 2010Archive.is的存檔,存檔日期2020-02-12), 2,000 single ethnic identity and 1,000 multiple ethnic identity Slovak and Polish in Poland (according to the census 2011 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)), 21,000 single ethnic identity, 43,000 multiple ethnic identity in Canada (according to the census 2006 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館))
Nasevski, Boško; Angelova, Dora; Gerovska, Dragica. Матица на Иселениците на Македонија [Matrix of Expatriates of Macedonia]. Skopje: Macedonian Expatriation Almanac '95. 1995: 52–53 (馬其頓語).