薯蕷目

薯蕷目（學名：Dioscoreales）在現代的植物分類系統（英語：list of systems of plant classification）（例如：被子植物種系發生學組及被子植物親緣分類網（英語：Angiosperm Phylogeny Web）等）是被子植物單子葉植物的一目。同屬類百合單子葉植物（英語：lilioid monocots），本目物種與露兜樹目物種是姐妹群關係。

薯蕷目 化石時期：116–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N 白堊紀 - 現代
漿果薯蕷（Dioscorea communis）
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	單子葉植物 Monocots
目：	薯蕷目 Dioscoreales Mart.[1][2][3]
模式種
Dioscorea villosa L.
科
水玉簪科 Burmanniaceae Blume (45)[4] 薯蕷科 Dioscoreaceae R.Br. (46) 納茜菜科 Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon (44)
異名
Burmanniales Heintze Nartheciales Reveal & Zomlefer Taccales Dumortier Tamales Dumortier Dioscoreanae Reveal & Doweld Burmanniidae Heintze

現時本目包括有三個科、22個屬和850個物種。

分類

1981年的克郎奎斯特系統並沒有這一目，薯蕷科被歸類於百合目。而1998年根據親緣關係分類的APG 分類法中承認了這一目，包括五個科，後來在2003年經過修訂的APG II 分類法中，調整合併為只包括三個科^[5][6]：

• 薯蕷科 Dioscoreaceae
• 水玉簪科 Burmanniaceae
• 納茜菜科 Nartheciaceae

種系發生學

本目與其它單子葉植物各演化支的親緣關係如下^[5][7]：

單子葉植物 Monocots	鴨跖草類 Commelinids       鴨跖草目 Commelinales     薑目 Zingiberales       禾本目 Poales       棕櫚目 Arecales       天門冬目 Asparagales       百合目 Liliales         薯蕷目 Dioscoreales     露兜樹目 Pandanales         無葉蓮目 Petrosaviales       澤瀉目 Alismatales       菖蒲目 Acorales

^[8]

分佈及棲息地

本目物種分佈於全球除南極洲以外的各大洲。這些物種主要分佈於熱帶或亞熱帶，但有部分屬於薯蕷科及納茜菜科的物種見於歐洲及北美洲較涼快的區域。

如同其他單子葉植物，本目物種可在地底形成貯存營養的器官，只有水玉簪科例外。水玉簪科是一種菌異營腐生植物，其物種完全沒有光合作用的能力。

參考文獻

1. APG IV 2016.
2. Tropicos 2015，Dioscoreales Mart.
3. Martius 1835，Ordo 42. Dioscore R. Br. p. 9
4. LAPGIII 2009.
5. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2016-05, 181 (1). doi:10.1111/boj.12385 （英語）.
6. Dioscoreales （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. In Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 [and more or less continuously updated since].
7. Main Tree. Missouri Botanical Garden. [2022-08-08].
8. Gardening services. [2021-06-30].

參考書目

文章及書本章節

• Bouman, F. Seed Structure and Systematics in Dioscoreales. : 139–156., In Rudall et al (1995)
• Caddick, LR; Rudall, PJ; Wilkin, P; Chase, MW. Yams and their allies: systematics of Dioscoreales. : 475–487., In Wilson & Morrison (2000)
  • Excerpts
• Caddick, Lizabeth R.; Rudall, Paula J.; Wilkin, Paul; Hedderson, Terry A. J.; Chase, Mark W., Phylogenetics of Dioscoreales based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, February 2002, 138 (2): 123–144, doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.138002123.x
• Caddick, Lizabeth R.; Wilkin, Paul; Rudall, Paula J.; Hedderson, Terry A. J.; Chase, Mark W., Yams Reclassified: A Recircumscription of Dioscoreaceae and Dioscoreales, Taxon, February 2002, 51 (1): 103, doi:10.2307/1554967
• Chase, Mark W.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Olmstead, Richard G.; Morgan, David; Les, Donald H.; Mishler, Brent D.; Duvall, Melvin R.; Price, Robert A.; Hills, Harold G.; Qiu, Yin-Long; Kron, Kathleen A.; Rettig, Jeffrey H.; Conti, Elena; Palmer, Jeffrey D.; Manhart, James R.; Sytsma, Kenneth J.; Michaels, Helen J.; Kress, W. John; Karol, Kenneth G.; Clark, W. Dennis; Hedren, Mikael; Gaut, Brandon S.; Jansen, Robert K.; Kim, Ki-Joong; Wimpee, Charles F.; Smith, James F.; Furnier, Glenn R.; Strauss, Steven H.; Xiang, Qui-Yun; Plunkett, Gregory M.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Swensen, Susan M.; Williams, Stephen E.; Gadek, Paul A.; Quinn, Christopher J.; Eguiarte, Luis E.; Golenberg, Edward; Learn, Gerald H.; Graham, Sean W.; Barrett, Spencer C. H.; Dayanandan, Selvadurai; Albert, Victor A. Phylogenetics of Seed Plants: An Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences from the Plastid Gene rbcL. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 1993, 80 (3): 528. doi:10.2307/2399846.
• Christenhusz, Maarten JM & Byng, J. W. The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa (Magnolia Press). 2016, 261 (3): 201–217 [2018-12-10]. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. （原始內容存檔於2019-06-26）.
• Dahlgren, R. M. T. A revised system of classification of the angiosperms. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. February 1980, 80 (2): 91–124. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1980.tb01661.x.
• Haston, Elspeth; Richardson, James E.; Stevens, Peter F.; Chase, Mark W.; Harris, David J. The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2009, 161 (2): 128–131. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01000.x.
• Hertweck, Kate L.; Kinney, Michael S.; Stuart, Stephanie A.; Maurin, Olivier; Mathews, Sarah; Chase, Mark W.; Gandolfo, Maria A.; Pires, J. Chris. Phylogenetics, divergence times and diversification from three genomic partitions in monocots. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. July 2015, 178 (3): 375–393. doi:10.1111/boj.12260. hdl:1959.14/356756.
• Huber, H. Die Samenmerkmale und Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Liliifloren. Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml.[Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München]. 1969, 8: 219–538 [10 February 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2015-02-11） （德語）.
• Merckx, V.; Schols, P.; Kamer, H. M.-v. d.; Maas, P.; Huysmans, S.; Smets, E. Phylogeny and evolution of Burmanniaceae (Dioscoreales) based on nuclear and mitochondrial data. American Journal of Botany. 1 November 2006, 93 (11): 1684–1698 [2018-12-10]. PMID 21642114. doi:10.3732/ajb.93.11.1684. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-22）.
• Merckx, Vincent S. F. T.; Smets, Erik F., Thismia americana, the 101st Anniversary of a Botanical Mystery, International Journal of Plant Sciences, February 2014, 175 (2): 165–175, doi:10.1086/674315
• Merckx, Vincent; Bakker, Freek T.; Huysmans, Suzy; Smets, Erik. Bias and conflict in phylogenetic inference of myco-heterotrophic plants: a case study in Thismiaceae. Cladistics. February 2009, 25 (1): 64–77 [2018-12-10]. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00241.x. （原始內容存檔於2017-08-30）.
• Merckx, V; Huysmans, S; Smets, EF. Cretaceous origins of mycoheterotrophic lineages in Dioscoreales (PDF). : 39–53 [2018-12-10]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-02-01）., In Seberg et al (2010)
• Schols, Peter; Furness, Carol A.; Merckx, Vincent; Wilkin, Paul; Smets, Erik. Comparative Pollen Development in Dioscoreales. International Journal of Plant Sciences. November 2005, 166 (6): 909–924 [2018-12-10]. doi:10.1086/449316. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-22）.
• Seberg, Ole; Petersen, Gitte; Barfod, Anders; Davis, Jerrold I. (編). Diversity, phylogeny, and evolution in the Monocotyledons: proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons and the Fifth International Symposium on Grass Systematics and Evolution. Århus: Aarhus University Press. 2010 [2018-12-10]. ISBN 978 87 7934 398 6. （原始內容存檔於2015-05-10）.
• Thorne, R. F. Classification and geography of the flowering plants. The Botanical Review. 1992, 58 (3): 225–348. doi:10.1007/BF02858611.

書冊及論壇紀錄

• Bentham, G.; Hooker, J.D. Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita. London: L Reeve & Co. 1862–1883 [24 January 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2014-02-25） （拉丁語）.
• Dahlgren, Rolf; Clifford, H. T. The monocotyledons: A comparative study. London and New York: Academic Press. 1982.
• Dahlgren, R.M.; Clifford, H.T.; Yeo, P.F. The families of the monocotyledons. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 1985 [10 February 2014]. ISBN 978-3-642-64903-5.
• Eichler, August W. Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik 4th. Berlin: Borntraeger. 1886 [1876] （德語）.
• Engler, Adolf. Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien : eine Übersicht über das gesamte Pflanzensystem mit Berücksichtigung der Medicinal- und Nutzpflanzen nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen und Studien über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik 3rd. Berlin: Borntraeger. 1903 [1892] [5 February 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2020-12-08） （德語）.
• Hutchinson, John. The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny. 2 vols. 2nd. Macmillan. 1959 [1926–1934].
• Le Maout, Emmanuel; Decaisne, Joseph. Hooker, Joseph Dalton , 編. A General System of Botany, Descriptive and Analytical in two parts [Traité général de botanique]. trans. Frances Harriet Hooker. London: Longmans Green. 1873 [1867].
• Lindley, John. The Vegetable Kingdom: or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system 3rd. London: Bradbury & Evans. 1853 [1846] [26 December 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-05）.
• Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von. Conspectus regni vegetabilis: secundum characteres morphologicos praesertim carpicos in classes ordines et familias digesti.... Nuremberg: Schrag. 1835 [9 January 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2020-12-08） （拉丁語及德語）.
• Rudall, P.J.; Cribb, P.J.; Cutler, D.F.; Humphries, C.J. (編). Monocotyledons: systematics and evolution (Proceedings of the International Symposium on Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution, Kew 1993). Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. 1995 [14 January 2014]. ISBN 978-0-947643-85-0. （原始內容存檔於2014-01-05）.
• Stuessy, Tod F. Plant Taxonomy: The Systematic Evaluation of Comparative Data. Columbia University Press. 2009 [6 February 2014]. ISBN 0-231-14712-0. （原始內容存檔於2015-11-01）.
• Wettstein, Richard. Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik 2 vols. 3rd. 1924 [15 April 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2015-02-18） （德語）.
• Wilson, K. L.; Morrison, D. A. (編), Monocots: Systematics and evolution (Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons, Sydney, Australia 1998), Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO, 2000 [14 January 2014], ISBN 0-643-06437-0, （原始內容存檔於2014-01-16）

Databases

• Brands, S.J. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. 2015 [11 February 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2015-02-11）.
• Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, Missouri Botanical Garden, 2016 [2001] [22 June 2016], （原始內容存檔於2016-05-15）
• Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2015 [30 December 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2008-03-31）.
• IPNI. The International Plant Names Index. 2015 [2018-12-10]. （原始內容存檔於2010-03-10）.

APG

• APG I. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 1998, 85 (4): 531–553. JSTOR 2992015.
• APG II. An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2003, 141 (4): 399–436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
• APG III. An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2009, 161 (2): 105–121 [3 January 2014]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. （原始內容存檔於2017-05-25）.
• APG IV. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2016, 181 (1): 1–20 [13 June 2016]. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. （原始內容存檔於2018-03-05）.

外部連結

• NCBI 分類法 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）