砷甜菜鹼

砷甜菜鹼（英語：Arsenobetaine）是一種有機砷化合物，它是魚類中砷的主要來源。^[1][2][3][4]砷甜菜鹼是俗稱甜菜鹼的甘氨酸甜菜鹼的砷類似物。砷甜菜鹼的生物化學性質以及生物合成過程均與膽鹼和甜菜鹼相似。

砷甜菜鹼
IUPAC名 2-(Trimethylarsaniumyl)acetate 2-(三甲基胂)乙酸酯
識別
CAS編號	64436-13-1  Y
PubChem	47364
ChemSpider	43109
SMILES	C[As+](C)(C)CC(=O)[O-]
InChI	1/C5H11AsO2/c1-6(2,3)4-5(7)8/h4H2,1-3H3
InChIKey	SPTHHTGLGVZZRH-UHFFFAOYAQ
Beilstein	3933180
EINECS	634-697-3
ChEBI	82392
RTECS	CH9750000
KEGG	C19331
MeSH	Arsenobetaine
性質
化學式	C5H11AsO2
摩爾質量	178.06 g·mol−1
危險性
GHS危險性符號
GHS提示詞	Danger
H-術語	H301, H331, H400, H410
P-術語	P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+310, P304+340, P311, P321, P330, P391, P403+233, P405, P501
若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

砷甜菜鹼是海洋生物系統中的一種常見物質。與許多有機砷化合物（如三甲基胂）不同，砷甜菜鹼的毒性相對較低。^[5][6]

自1920年，人們就已經發現海魚含有有機砷化合物。但直到1977年才確定了最主要存在形式砷甜菜鹼的化學結構。^[7]

安全性

亞砷酸（As(OH)₃）的LD₅₀為34.5mg/kg（小鼠），而砷甜菜鹼的LD₅₀超過10g/kg。^[8]

參考資料

1. Maher, B. Foreword: Research Front — Arsenic Biogeochemistry. Environmental Chemistry. 2005, 2 (3): 139–140. doi:10.1071/EN05063 .
2. Francesconi, K. A. Current Perspectives in Arsenic Environmental and Biological Research. Environmental Chemistry. 2005, 2 (3): 141–145. doi:10.1071/EN05042.
3. Adair, B. M.; Waters, S. B.; Devesa, V.; Drobna, Z.; Styblo, M.; Thomas, D. J. Commonalities in Metabolism of Arsenicals. Environmental Chemistry. 2005, 2 (3): 161–166 [2022-09-28]. doi:10.1071/EN05054. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-17）.
4. Ng, J. C. Environmental Contamination of Arsenic and its Toxicological Impact on Humans. Environmental Chemistry. 2005, 2 (3): 146–160. doi:10.1071/EN05062.
5. Gaion A, Sartori D, Scuderi A, Fattorini D. Bioaccumulation and biotransformation of arsenic compounds in Hediste diversicolor (Muller 1776) after exposure to spiked sediments. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2014, 21 (9): 5952–5959 [2022-09-28]. PMID 24458939. S2CID 12568097. doi:10.1007/s11356-014-2538-z. （原始內容存檔於2022-10-06）.
6. Bhattacharya, P.; Welch, A. H.; Stollenwerk, K. G.; McLaughlin, M. J.; Bundschuh, J.; Panaullah, G. Arsenic in the Environment: Biology and Chemistry. Science of the Total Environment. 2007, 379 (2–3): 109–120. Bibcode:2007ScTEn.379..109B. PMID 17434206. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.02.037.
7. Edmonds, J. S.; Francesconi, K. A.; Cannon, J. R.; Raston, C. L.; Skelton, B. W.; White, A. H. Isolation, Crystal Structure and Synthesis of Arsenobetaine, the Arsenical Constituent of the Western Rock Lobster Panulirus longipes cygnus George. Tetrahedron Letters. 1977, 18 (18): 1543–1546. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)93098-9.
8. Cullen, William R.; Reimer, Kenneth J. Arsenic speciation in the environment. Chemical Reviews. 1989, 89 (4): 713–764. doi:10.1021/cr00094a002. hdl:10214/2162 .

延伸閱讀

• Craig, P. J. Organometallic Compounds in the Environment 2nd. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons. 2003: 415. ISBN 978-0-471-89993-8.