犬屬(學名:Canis)是食肉目犬科下的一個屬,共有5個現生種,包括被認為是家犬(Canis lupus familiaris)祖先的灰狼(Canis lupus)。與犬屬較近的屬是非洲野犬屬,而較遠的則有偽狐屬和其他的南美胡狼。犬屬中還有許多已經滅絕的物種,這是一個很古老的屬,可追溯至中新世晚期。
物種
犬屬現生成員包括5個物種,即埃塞俄比亞狼(Canis simensis)、亞洲胡狼(Canis aureus)[1]、金狼(Canis lupaster)、郊狼(Canis latrans)和灰狼(Canis lupus)[2]。犬屬曾經還包括側紋胡狼(Canis adustus)和黑背胡狼(Canis mesomelas),但現在已經根據遺傳學上的證據將它們歸入胡狼屬(Lupulella)。而發現的各種大型犬族化石則一般全部都歸入犬屬。[3]
犬屬是第四紀的標誌屬,在食肉類化石中數量往往非常多。犬屬也是生物地層學重要的標誌物種,歐洲有多個遷徙事件就是以一些大型犬族的出現作為標誌。[3]
犬屬化石主要有:
- Canis accitanus Garrido & Arribas, 2008
- Canis acutus
- 非洲異豺 Canis africanus Pohle, 1928
- Canis alopex Linnaeus, 1758
- Canis anceps
- Canis antarcticus Shaw, 1800
- Canis antarticus Kerr, 1792
- Canis anthus F.Cuvier, 1820
- Canis antiquus
- Canis antonii Zdansky, 1924
- 安氏犬 Canis antonii
- Canis apolloniensis Koufos & Kostopoulos, 1997
- 安布魯斯特狼 Canis armbrusteri Gidley, 1913
- 阿諾河犬 Canis arnensis Del Campana, 1913
- Canis atrox
- Canis avicularius Zimmermann, 1780
- Canis avus
- Canis borjgali Bartolini Lucenti, Bukhsianidze, Martínez-Navarro & Lordkianidze, 2020
- Canis brachypus
- 短頭犬 Canis brevicephalus Qiu et al., 2004
- Canis brevirostris
- Canis cautleyi
- Canis cedazoensis Mooser & Dalquest, 1975
- 直隸犬 Canis chihliensis
- Canis cipio
- Canis condoni
- Canis dingo Meyer, 1793[4]
- 恐狼 Canis dirus Leidy, 1858
- Canis edwardii Gazin, 1942
- Canis ensenadensis
- 埃楚斯堪狼 Canis etruscus Major, 1877
- Canis falconeri
- 駭狼 Canis ferox
- Canis khomenkoi
- Canis kuruksaensis
- 食兔狼 Canis lepophagus
- 龍擔犬 Canis longdanensis
- Canis lupaster
- Canis lycanoides
- Canis majori
- Canis medius
- Canis megamastoides
- Canis michauxi
- Canis moreni
- 莫斯巴赫狼 Canis mosbachensis
- 莫斯巴赫狼親近種 Canis aff. mosbachensis
- Canis nehringi
- Canis neschersensis
- Canis palaeoplatensis
- Canis petenyi
- Canis protojubatus
- Canis protoplatensis
- Canis robustus
- Canis strandi
- Canis suessi
- 德氏犬 Canis teilhardi
- Canis temerarius
- Canis terblanchei
- Canis troglodytes
- Canis ursinus
- 變異狼 Canis variabilis
- Canis velaunus
- Canis volgensis
- Canis yuanmoensis
參考文獻
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