模態實在論(英語:modal realism)是哲學中一種關於可能世界的本體理論,由美國哲學家大衛·劉易斯提出。他認為所有可能世界都與我們所在的世界一樣真實。
主要觀點
模態實在論關於可能世界的主要觀點包括:
批評
持溫和實在論觀點的索爾·克里普克、羅伯特·斯托奈克等都對劉易斯的模態實在論持批評態度。克里普克就批評劉易斯將不同的可能世界看作是遙遠的星球。雖然他也認為可能世界是實在的,但他主張可能世界並非是真實的情形,而只是抽象的實體。同時,他也反對劉易斯為解決跨界問題而提出的對應體理論,並認為不存在跨界問題。斯托奈克將劉易斯的觀點稱為「極端實在論」(extreme realism)。
參見
參考文獻
- David Lewis, Counterfactuals, (1973 [revised printing 1986]; Blackwell & Harvard U.P.)
- David Lewis, Convention: A Philosophical Study, (1969; Harvard University Press)
- David Lewis, On the Plurality of Worlds (1986; Blackwell)
- Saul Kripke, "Identity and Necessity". (Semantics of Natural Language, D. Davidson and G. Harman [eds.], [Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1972]
- David Armstrong, A Combinatorial Theory of Possibility (1989; Cambridge University Press)
- John D. Barrow, The Constants of Nature (2002; published by Vintage in 2003)
- Colin McGinn, "Modal Reality" (Reduction, Time, and Reality, R. Healey [ed.]; Cambridge University Press)
- Stalnaker, Robert. Ways a world might be: metaphysical and anti-metaphysical essays. Oxford: Clarendon. 2003. ISBN 0-19-925149-5.
- [1] (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) Andrea Sauchelli, "Concrete Possible Worlds and Counterfactual Conditionals", Synthese, 176, 3 (2010), pp. 345–56.
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