因為當初發現充滿蛋殼及孵化幼體的巢穴,甚至使該遺址後來被稱作「蛋山」(Egg Mountain),也是第一次發現大型恐龍會照顧後代的證據。[4]1979年,古生物學家傑克·R·霍納與羅伯·馬凱拉(Robert Makela)命名、敘述了新屬新種皮氏慈母龍(Maiasaura peeblesorum)。屬名象徵着養育親子的形象,以希臘神話中的女神邁亞代表「好母親」之意,並加上拉丁語saurus(蜥蜴)的陰性拼法saura作強調。種名紀念發現地的地主皮博斯家族(John and James Peebles)。[2]
慈母龍是雙屋層(英語:Two Medicine Formation)中部層位(第四層帶)的指標性化石,年代約為7670萬年前。[1]在該層帶慈母龍與傷齒龍科的傷齒龍、小型鳥腳類奔山龍、奔龍科的斑比盜龍、暴龍科的懼龍共存。[1]另一種鴨嘴龍科亞冠龍在雙屋層出土的層位比先前認為得還要低,顯示牠們至少也與慈母龍共存過一段時間。在慈母龍出土範圍內還發現另一種鴨嘴龍科寬齒鈎鼻龍,代表雙屋層中上部動物相之間的分界並不再像以前認為得那麼明確。自從慈母龍於雙屋層出現之後,當地鳥臀目物種似乎產生了大幅多樣化的現象。這份對雙屋層上半部暴露地層的分佈情形進行的詳細檢驗,發現多樣化事件確實存在,而非化石保存上的偏差結果。[16]雖然過去的記載經常將慈母龍與雙屋層的角龍科野牛龍相提並論,[17][18]但實際上兩者出土的層位有所差距,慈母龍的年代相對古老許多。[19]
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Prieto-Márquez, A.; Wagner, J.R. A new species of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of the Pacific coast of North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2013, 58 (2): 255–268. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0049.
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Weishampel, David B.; Barrett, Paul M.; Coria, Rodolfo A.; Le Loeuff, Jean; Xu Xing; Zhao Xijin; Sahni, Ashok; Gomani, Elizabeth, M.P.; and Noto, Christopher R. (2004). "Dinosaur Distribution", in The Dinosauria (2nd), pp. 517–606.
Andrew T. McDonald & John R. Horner, (2010). "New Material of "Styracosaurus" ovatus from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana". Pages 156–168 in: Michael J. Ryan, Brenda J. Chinnery-Allgeier, and David A. Eberth (eds), New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium, Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, IN.
Sullivan, R. M.; Lucas, S. G. The Kirtlandian land-vertebrate "age"–faunal composition, temporal position and biostratigraphic correlation in the nonmarine Upper Cretaceous of western North America. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 2006, 35: 7–29.
Dodson, Peter & Britt, Brooks & Carpenter, Kenneth & Forster, Catherine A. & Gillette, David D. & Norell, Mark A. & Olshevsky, George & Parrish, J. Michael & Weishampel, David B. The Age of Dinosaurs. Publications International, LTD. p. 116-117. ISBN0-7853-0443-6.
Horner, Jack and Gorman, James. (1988). Digging Dinosaurs: The Search that Unraveled the Mystery of Baby Dinosaurs, Workman Publishing Co.
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Trexler, D., 2001, Two Medicine Formation, Montana: geology and fauna: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 298–309.