乙酰膽鹼酯酶

乙酰膽鹼酯酶（acetylcholinesterase，AChE，AChase），EC 3.1.1.7，是催化神經遞質乙酰膽鹼降解（通過其水解活性）成膽鹼和乙酸的酶；屬於一種水解酶或絲氨酸蛋白酶或羧酸酯酶家族^[1]。

乙酰膽鹼酯酶
命名 系統命名 縮寫
識別碼
EC編號	3.1.1.7
CAS號	9000-81-1
數據庫
IntEnz	IntEnz瀏覽
BRENDA（英語：BRENDA）	BRENDA入口
ExPASy（英語：ExPASy）	NiceZyme瀏覽
KEGG	KEGG入口
MetaCyc（英語：MetaCyc）	代謝路徑
PRIAM（英語：PRIAM_enzyme-specific_profiles）	概述
PDB	RCSB PDB PDBj PDBe PDBsum
基因本體	AmiGO / EGO
搜索 PMC 相關文獻 PubMed 相關文獻

乙酰膽鹼酯酶
蛋白質資料庫渲染的1b41
有效結構 PDB 直系同源檢索：PDBe, RCSB PDB查詢代碼列表 1B41, 1F8U, 1PUV, 1PUW, 1VZJ, 2CLJ, 2X8B, 3LII
標識
代號	ACHE; ARACHE; N-ACHE; YT
擴展標識	遺傳學：100740 鼠基因：87876 同源基因：543 GeneCards: ACHE Gene
EC編號	3.1.1.7
基因本體論描述 分子功能 · beta-amyloid binding · acetylcholinesterase activity · acetylcholinesterase activity · carboxylesterase activity · cholinesterase activity · cholinesterase activity · protein binding · collagen binding · hydrolase activity · serine hydrolase activity · acetylcholine binding · acetylcholine binding · protein homodimerization activity · protein homodimerization activity · laminin-1 binding · protein self-association 細胞成分 · extracellular region · extracellular region · extracellular region · basal lamina · extracellular space · nucleus · endoplasmic reticulum lumen · Golgi apparatus · plasma membrane · cell surface · membrane · cell junction · axon · dendrite · anchored to membrane · neuromuscular junction · presynaptic membrane · synaptic cleft · synapse · postsynaptic membrane · perinuclear region of cytoplasm 生物過程 · acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft · regulation of receptor recycling · osteoblast development · DNA replication · acetylcholine catabolic process · cell adhesion · cell adhesion · synaptic transmission · synaptic transmission, cholinergic · nervous system development · synapse assembly · synapse assembly · muscle organ development · cell proliferation · response to wounding · choline metabolic process · receptor internalization · negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic · neurotransmitter biosynthetic process · amyloid precursor protein metabolic process · neurotransmitter receptor biosynthetic process · regulation of dendrite morphogenesis · positive regulation of protein secretion · regulation of axonogenesis · regulation of synaptic transmission · protein tetramerization · retina development in camera-type eye Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表達模式
更多表達數據
直系同源體
物種	人類	小鼠
Entrez	43	11423
Ensembl	ENSG00000087085	ENSMUSG00000023328
UniProt	P22303	Q543Z1
mRNA序列	NM_000665.3	NM_009599.3
蛋白序列	NP_000656.1	NP_033729.1
基因位置	Chr 7: 100.49 – 100.49 Mb	Chr 5: 137.73 – 137.74 Mb
PubMed查詢	[1]	[2]
閱 論 編

此酶主要存在於膽鹼能（英語：Cholinergic）神經元、神經肌肉接頭處、肌肉組織等，具終止乙酰膽鹼對突觸後膜興奮作用，恢復突觸後膜極化，可終止突觸傳遞（英語：Neurotransmission）。

乙酰膽鹼酯酶具有極高的水解活性——一分子的乙酰膽鹼酯酶每秒鐘可以水解25000分子的乙酰膽鹼。經乙酰膽鹼酯酶作用而產生的膽鹼被重新利用——通過再攝取被轉運進入神經末梢，在那裏被重新利用以合成新的乙酰膽鹼分子^[2]。

參考文獻

1. 乙酰胆碱酯酶. 術語在線. 全國科學技術名詞審定委員會. （簡體中文）
2. Dale Purves, George J. Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, William C. Hall, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O. McNamara, and Leonard E. White. Neuroscience. 4th ed.. Sinauer Associates. 2008: 121–2. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.

延伸閱讀

• Silman I, Futerman AH. Modes of attachment of acetylcholinesterase to the surface membrane. Eur. J. Biochem. 1988, 170 (1-2): 11–22. PMID 3319614. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13662.x.
• Soreq H, Seidman S. Acetylcholinesterase--new roles for an old actor. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2001, 2 (4): 294–302. PMID 11283752. doi:10.1038/35067589.
• Shen T, Tai K, Henchman RH, McCammon JA. Molecular dynamics of acetylcholinesterase.. Acc. Chem. Res. 2003, 35 (6): 332–40. PMID 12069617. doi:10.1021/ar010025i.
• Pakaski M, Kasa P. Role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the metabolism of amyloid precursor protein. Current drug targets. CNS and neurological disorders. 2003, 2 (3): 163–71. PMID 12769797. doi:10.2174/1568007033482869.
• Meshorer E, Soreq H. Virtues and woes of AChE alternative splicing in stress-related neuropathologies. Trends Neurosci. 2006, 29 (4): 216–24. PMID 16516310. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.02.005.
• Ehrlich G, Viegas-Pequignot E, Ginzberg D et al. Mapping the human acetylcholinesterase gene to chromosome 7q22 by fluorescent in situ hybridization coupled with selective PCR amplification from a somatic hybrid cell panel and chromosome-sorted DNA libraries. Genomics. 1992, 13 (4): 1192–7. PMID 1380483. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90037-S. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Spring FA, Gardner B, Anstee DJ. Evidence that the antigens of the Yt blood group system are located on human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. Blood. 1992, 80 (8): 2136–41. PMID 1391965.
• Shafferman A, Kronman C, Flashner Y; et al. Mutagenesis of human acetylcholinesterase. Identification of residues involved in catalytic activity and in polypeptide folding. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267 (25): 17640–8. PMID 1517212. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Getman DK, Eubanks JH, Camp S et al. The human gene encoding acetylcholinesterase is located on the long arm of chromosome 7.. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1992, 51 (1): 170–7. PMC 1682883 . PMID 1609795. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Li Y, Camp S, Rachinsky TL et al. Gene structure of mammalian acetylcholinesterase. Alternative exons dictate tissue-specific expression.. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 266 (34): 23083–90. PMID 1744105. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Velan B, Grosfeld H, Kronman C et al. The effect of elimination of intersubunit disulfide bonds on the activity, assembly, and secretion of recombinant human acetylcholinesterase. Expression of acetylcholinesterase Cys-580----Ala mutant. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 266 (35): 23977–84. PMID 1748670. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Soreq H, Ben-Aziz R, Prody CA; et al. Molecular cloning and construction of the coding region for human acetylcholinesterase reveals a G + C-rich attenuating structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1991, 87 (24): 9688–92. PMC 55238 . PMID 2263619. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.24.9688. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Chhajlani V, Derr D, Earles B et al. Purification and partial amino acid sequence analysis of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. FEBS Lett. 1989, 247 (2): 279–82. PMID 2714437. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(89)81352-3. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Lapidot-Lifson Y, Prody CA, Ginzberg D et al. Coamplification of human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase genes in blood cells: correlation with various leukemias and abnormal megakaryocytopoiesis.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1989, 86 (12): 4715–9. PMC 287342 . PMID 2734315. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.12.4715. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Bazelyansky M, Robey E, Kirsch JF. Fractional diffusion-limited component of reactions catalyzed by acetylcholinesterase. Biochemistry. 1986, 25 (1): 125–30. PMID 3954986. doi:10.1021/bi00349a019.
• Gaston SM, Marchase RB, Jakoi ER. Brain ligatin: a membrane lectin that binds acetylcholinesterase. J. Cell. Biochem. 1982, 18 (4): 447–59. PMID 7085778. doi:10.1002/jcb.1982.240180406.
• Ordentlich A, Barak D, Kronman C et al. Contribution of aromatic moieties of tyrosine 133 and of the anionic subsite tryptophan 86 to catalytic efficiency and allosteric modulation of acetylcholinesterase. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270 (5): 2082–91. PMID 7836436. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.5.2082. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Maruyama K, Sugano S. Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. Gene. 1994, 138 (1-2): 171–4. PMID 8125298. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8.
• Ben Aziz-Aloya R, Sternfeld M, Soreq H. Promoter elements and alternative splicing in the human ACHE gene.. Prog. Brain Res. 1994, 98: 147–53. PMID 8248502.
• Massoulie J, Pezzementi L, Bon S, Krejci E, Valette F. Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cholinesterases. Prog. Brain Res. 1993, 93 (1): 31–91. PMID 8321908.

外部連結

• ATSDR Case Studies in Environmental Medicine: Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Including Insecticides and Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
• Proteopedia Acetylcholinesterase
• Proteopedia AChE_inhibitors_and_substrates
• Proteopedia AChE_inhibitors_and_substrates_(Part_II)
• Proteopedia AChE bivalent inhibitors AChE_bivalent_inhibitors AChE bivalent inhibitors

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