乙酰膽鹼酯酶（acetylcholinesterase，AChE，AChase），EC 3.1.1.7，是催化神經遞質乙酰膽鹼降解（通過其水解活性）成膽鹼和乙酸的酶；屬於一種水解酶或絲氨酸蛋白酶或羧酸酯酶家族[1]。
Quick Facts 乙酰膽鹼酯酶, 命名 ...
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Quick Facts 乙酰膽鹼酯酶, 有效結構 ...
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此酶主要存在於膽鹼能神經元、神經肌肉接頭處、肌肉組織等，具終止乙酰膽鹼對突觸後膜興奮作用，恢復突觸後膜極化，可終止突觸傳遞。
乙酰膽鹼酯酶具有極高的水解活性——一分子的乙酰膽鹼酯酶每秒鐘可以水解25000分子的乙酰膽鹼。經乙酰膽鹼酯酶作用而產生的膽鹼被重新利用——通過再攝取被轉運進入神經末梢，在那裏被重新利用以合成新的乙酰膽鹼分子[2]。
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