栒子屬(學名:Cotoneaster),又稱舖地蜈蚣屬,為薔薇科蘋果亞科或繡線菊亞科的一群木本植物,分佈於古北界(溫帶亞洲、歐洲、非洲北部),在中國西南部和西部山區有很強的多樣性。[4]栒子屬與山楂屬(Crataegus)、火棘屬(Pyracantha)、石楠屬(Photinia)和花楸屬(Sorbus)有親緣關係。
根據不同學者對物種的定義,栒子屬包含70-300個不同的物種,其中有很多無融合生殖的小種(microspecies)被部分學者認為是獨立的物種,但對於其他學者來說僅為變種。[4][5]
形態特徵
栒子屬植物為落葉、常綠或半常綠植物,其中大部分物種是株高0.5-5米的灌木,形態各異,可以是緊貼地面匍匐生長,也可以是直立生長。耐寒栒子(Cotoneaster frigidus)等小部分物種是小型喬木,株高達15米,樹幹直徑達75厘米。匍匐生長的物種大多數是高山植物,生長在高海拔地區,例如C. integrifolius就生長在海拔高達3,000-4,000米的喜馬拉雅地區,而其他的較大型物種則生長在低海拔的矮灌木叢以及林隙中。[1]
枝條有兩種形態,其中長枝長10-40厘米,其上生長確定植株形態的硬枝,短枝長0.5-5厘米,其上生長花芽,這種生長方式使枝條成為一個個分叉組成的形態。冬季芽小,具數個覆瓦狀鱗片。葉互生,有時排成二列,長0.5-15厘米,卵形至披針形,全緣,葉柄短,托葉小,早落。花單生,2-3朵單生或組成達100朵花的傘房花序,頂生在短枝頂端或腋生;萼筒鍾狀、筒狀或陀螺狀,具短萼片5枚;花瓣5枚,直立、張開或平展,直徑5-10毫米,花色包括白、乳白、淡粉紅、深粉紅、紅色;雄蕊一般為20枚,少數為5-25枚;花柱2-5枚,離生,心皮背面與萼筒連合,腹面分離,每心皮有2胚珠,子房下位或半下位;花期為春末至夏初。果實為小型梨果,直徑5-12毫米,成熟時一般為粉紅、鮮紅或橙黃色,偶有褐紅色或紫黑色,先端有宿存萼片,包含1-3枚小核,偶爾多達5枚,每一骨質小核一般包含1粒種子,種子扁平,子葉扁平凸起。[1][5][6]有些物種的果實到翌年才會脫落。
野生價值
栒子屬植物是一些鱗翅目昆蟲幼蟲的食物,這些昆蟲包括賽劍紋夜蛾(Acronicta psi)、灰裙尺蠖蛾(Erannis defoliaria)、Nola cucullatella(一種瘤蛾科昆蟲)、冬尺蠖蛾(Operophtera brumata)以及山楂巢蛾(Scythropia crataegella)。花會吸引蜜蜂和蝴蝶,鳥會食用植物的果實。
雖然在分佈於英國和愛爾蘭的栒子屬原生物種相當少,但當地將栒子屬和火棘屬植物視為很有價值的花蜜來源,因為當地在6月時蜜源極為匱乏。紅色的果實對於歐烏鶇和其他鶇屬鳥類也是極具誘惑力的食物。
栽培利用
栒子屬是很受歡迎的園林灌木植物,因為其株型美觀,夏季能開出密集的花束,秋季能接觸艷麗的累累果實,在庭園中還可以修剪成綠籬,而匍匐散生種類可以作為岩石地面植被或堤岸植物。[1]有些栒子屬園林灌木是雜交種,如常見的Cotoneaster ×watereri Exell由耐寒栒子(C. frigidus)和柳葉栒子(C. salicifolius)雜交得到,不過大部分不是雜交種。[6]繁殖方式有播種、扦插和嫁接,播種後1-3年發芽。栒子屬植物木質堅硬,可製作手杖和其他柄狀器物。[1]
很多物種已經逸生到野外,成為入侵植物,因為當地的氣候條件適宜其生長,例如很多原產於中國的物種已在歐洲西北部成為歸化物種[7];粉葉栒子(C. glaucophyllus)已在澳大利亞[8]和美國加利福尼亞州成為入侵植物[9];西蒙氏栒子(C. simonsii)已被新西蘭列入《National Pest Plant Accord》以防止其銷售和散佈,因為其入侵性很強。
命名和分類
屬名Cotoneaster源自拉丁語cotone,是一個古老的拉丁名稱,意為榲桲,而後綴-aster意為「相似的」。這一屬名是陽性,不過在一些舊文獻中被誤當作陰性,這就導致很多物種的種加詞有不同版本的詞尾(如全緣栒子Cotoneaster integerrimus的異名Cotoneaster integerrima)。[5]
栒子屬常被分為2個或更多組,不過由於雜交種的存在,情況比較複雜:[5]
- 疏花組 sect. Cotoneaster(異名sect. Orthopetalum):單花或6枚花簇生,被片立起,常為淡粉色,大部分為小型灌木。
- sect. Chaenopetalum:超過20朵花組成傘房花序,被片平展,乳白色,大部分為大型灌木。
- 密花組 sect. Deniflos
- 柳葉系 ser. Salicifollii
- 耐寒系 ser. Frigidi
- 疏花組 sect. Cotoneaster
- 多花系 ser. Multiflori
- 尖葉系 ser. Acuminati
- 全緣系 ser. Integerrimi
- 單花組 sect. Uniflos
- 小葉系 ser. Microphylli
- 兩列系 ser. Distichi
本屬包括以下物種:[10]
- 尖葉栒子 Cotoneaster acuminatus Lindl.
- 灰栒子 Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz.
- 密毛灰栒子 Cotoneaster acutifolius var. villosulus Rehder & E. H. Wilson,細柔毛栒子,異名:Cotoneaster villosulus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö)
- 灰栒子 Cotoneaster acutifolius var. acutifolius
- Cotoneaster acutiusculus Pojark.
- 匍匐栒子 Cotoneaster adpressus Bois
- Cotoneaster aestivalis (Walter) Wenz.
- 藏邊栒子 Cotoneaster affinis Lindl.
- Cotoneaster afghanicus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster aitchisoni C.K.Schneid.
- Cotoneaster alashanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster alatavicus Popov
- Cotoneaster alaunicus Golitsin
- Cotoneaster albokermesinus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster allanderi J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster allochrous Pojark.
- Cotoneaster altaicus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 川康栒子 Cotoneaster ambiguus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- 美麗栒子 Cotoneaster amoenus E.H.Wilson
- Cotoneaster amphigenus Chaten.
- Cotoneaster annapurnae J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster angustifolius Franch.
- Cotoneaster antoninae Juz. & N.I.Orlova(或A.Vassiliev)
- 細尖栒子 Cotoneaster apiculatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- Cotoneaster applanatus Duthie ex J.H.Veitch
- Cotoneaster arborescens Zabel.
- Cotoneaster arbusculus G.Klotz
- 銀毛栒子 Cotoneaster argenteus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster armenus Pojark.
- 紫果水栒子 Cotoneaster atropurpureus Flinck & B.Hylmö,異名:Cotoneaster multiflorus var. atropurpureus Yü
- Cotoneaster arvernensis Gand.
- Cotoneaster ascendens Flinck & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster assadii Khat.
- Cotoneaster assamensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster astrophoros J.Fryer & E.C.Nelson
- Cotoneaster ataensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster atlanticus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster atrovirens J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster atuntzensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster auranticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster bacillaris Wall. ex Lindl.
- Cotoneaster baenitzii Pax
- 毛萼栒子 Cotoneaster bakeri G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster balticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster bilokonii Grevtsova
- Cotoneaster bisramianus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster blinii H.Lév.
- Cotoneaster bodinieri H.Lév.
- Cotoneaster boisianus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster borealichinensis (Hurus.) Hurus.
- Cotoneaster borealis Petz. & G.Kirchn.
- Cotoneaster brachypodus Pojark. ex Zakirov
- Cotoneaster bradyi E.C.Nelson J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster brandisii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster brevirameus Rehder & Wilson
- Cotoneaster brickelli J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster browiczii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 泡葉栒子 Cotoneaster bullatus Bois
- 多花泡葉栒子 Cotoneaster bullatus f. floribundus (Stapf) Rehder & E.H. Wilson
- 大葉泡葉栒子 Cotoneaster bullatus var. macrophyllus Rehd. et Wils.
- 少花泡葉栒子 Cotoneaster bullatus var. camilli-schneideri (Pojark.) L.T.Lu,異名:Cotoneaster camilli-schneideri Pojark.)
- 泡葉栒子 Cotoneaster bullatus var. bullatus
- Cotoneaster bumthangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster burmanicus G.Klotz
- 黃楊葉栒子 Cotoneaster buxifolius Wall. ex Lindl.
- 多花黃楊葉栒子 Cotoneaster buxifolius var. marginatus,異名:Cotoneaster marginatus (Loudon) Schltdl.
- 小葉黃楊葉栒子 Cotoneaster buxifolius var. vellaeus (Franch.) Klotz.
- 黃楊葉栒子 Cotoneaster buxifolius var. buxifolius
- Cotoneaster californicus A.Murray bis
- 大果水栒子 Cotoneaster calocarpus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö
- 野栒子 Cotoneaster cambricus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster campanulatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster canescens Vestergr. ex B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster capsicinus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster cardinalis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster cashmiriensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster cavei G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster chaffanjonii H.Lév.
- Cotoneaster chailaricus (G.Klotz) Flinck & B.Hylmö
- 鎮康栒子 Cotoneaster chengkangensis T.T.Yu
- Cotoneaster chrysobotrys Hand. - Mazz.
- Cotoneaster chulingensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster chungtiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster cinerascens (Rehder) Flinck & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster cinnabarinus Juz.
- Cotoneaster coadunatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster coccineus Steud.
- Cotoneaster commixtus (C.K.Schneid.) Flinck & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster comptus Lem.
- Cotoneaster confusus G.Klotz
- 大果栒子 Cotoneaster conspicuus H. F. Comber ex C. Marquand,大果小葉栒子,異名:Cotoneaster microphyllus var. conspicuus Messel ex anon.
- Cotoneaster convexus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster cooperi C.Marquand
- Cotoneaster cordatus Focke
- Cotoneaster cordifolioides G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster cordifolius G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster coreanus H.Lév.
- 厚葉栒子 Cotoneaster coriaceus Franch.
- 克魯比亞栒子 Cotoneaster 'Cornubia'
- Cotoneaster cossineus Steud.
- Cotoneaster crenulatus (D.Don) K.Koch
- Cotoneaster creticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster crispii Exell
- Cotoneaster cuilus Lee ex K.Koch
- Cotoneaster cuspidatus C.Marquand ex J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster daliensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 矮生栒子 Cotoneaster dammeri C.K.Schneid.
- 長柄矮生栒子 Cotoneaster dammeri var. radicans Dammer ex C. K. Schneid.,異名:Cotoneaster radicans G.Klotz
- 矮生栒子 Cotoneaster dammeri var. dammeri
- Cotoneaster daralagesicus Grevtsova
- Cotoneaster davidianus hort. ex Dippel
- Cotoneaster decandrus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster declinatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster degenensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 鋪莖栒子 Cotoneaster delavayanus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster delphinensis Chatenier
- Cotoneaster densiflorus M.W. Li, Q. Fan & W. B. Liao[11]
- Cotoneaster denticulatus Kunth
- 木帚栒子 Cotoneaster dielsianus E.Pritz. ex Diels
- 小葉木帚栒子 Cotoneaster dielsianus var. elegans Rehder & E. H. Wilson,異名:Cotoneaster elegans (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö,Cotoneaster splendens Flinck & B.Hylmö
- 木帚栒子 Cotoneaster dielsianus dielsianus
- Cotoneaster difficilis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster discolor Pojark.
- 脫毛栒子 Cotoneaster dissimilis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster distichus Lange
- 散生栒子 Cotoneaster divaricatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- Cotoneaster dojamensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 毛瓣栒子 Cotoneaster dokeriensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster drogochius J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 大葉兩列栒子 Cotoneaster duthieanus (C.K.Schneid.) G.Klotz,異名:Cotoneaster nitidus Jacq. var. duthieanus (Schneid.) Yu
- Cotoneaster elatus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster ellipticus (Lindl.) Loudon
- Cotoneaster emarginatus hort. ex K.Koch
- Cotoneaster emeiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster encavei J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster eriocarpus hort.
- Cotoneaster erratus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster erzincanicus J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster esfandiarii Khat.
- Cotoneaster esquirolii H.Lév.
- Cotoneaster estonicus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster falconeri G.Klotz
- 恩施栒子 Cotoneaster fangianus T.T.Yu
- Cotoneaster farreri Klotzsch
- Cotoneaster fastigiatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster favargeri J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster fletcheri G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster flinckii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster floccosus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster floridus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster fontanesii Grossh.
- Cotoneaster formosanus Hayata
- Cotoneaster forrestii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster fortunei Wenz.
- 麻核栒子 Cotoneaster foveolatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- 西南栒子 Cotoneaster franchetii Bois
- 耐寒栒子 Cotoneaster frigidus Wall. ex Lindl.
- Cotoneaster froebelii Vilm.
- Cotoneaster fruticosus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster gamblei G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster ganghobaensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster garhwalensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster genitianus Hurus. ex Nakai
- Cotoneaster gesneri Kirschl.
- Cotoneaster gilgitensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster girardii Flinck & B.Hylmö ex G.Klotz
- 光葉栒子 Cotoneaster glabratus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- 粉葉栒子 Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Franch.
- 小葉粉葉栒子 Cotoneaster glaucophyllus var. meiophyllus W. W. Sm.,異名:Cotoneaster meiophyllus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz)
- 多花粉葉栒子 Cotoneaster glaucophyllus var. serotinus (Hutch.) L. T. Lu & Brach,異名:Cotoneaster serotinus Hutch.
- 毛萼粉葉栒子 Cotoneaster glaucophyllus var. vestitus W.W.Smith.(異名Cotoneaster vestitus (W.W.Sm.) Flinck & B.Hylmö)
- Cotoneaster globosus (Hurus.) G.Klotz
- 球花栒子 Cotoneaster glomerulatus W.W.Sm.
- Cotoneaster goloskokovii Pojark.
- 貢嘎山栒子 Cotoneaster gonggashanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster gotlandicus B.Hylmö
- 細弱栒子 Cotoneaster gracilis Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- Cotoneaster grammontii hort. ex K.Koch
- Cotoneaster granatensis Boiss
- Cotoneaster griffithii G.Klotz
- 關門山栒子 Cotoneaster guanmenensis J.Fryer
- 西昌栒子 Cotoneaster handel-mazzettii G.Klotz
- 蒙自栒子 Cotoneaster harrovianus E.H.Wilson
- 丹巴栒子 Cotoneaster harrysmithii Flinck & B.Hylmö
- 鈍葉栒子 Cotoneaster hebephyllus Diels
- 黃毛鈍葉栒子 Cotoneaster hebephyllus var. fulvidus W. W. Sm.(異名Cotoneaster fulvidus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz)
- 灰毛鈍葉栒子 Cotoneaster hebephyllus var. incanus W. W. Sm.(異名Cotoneaster incanus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz)
- 大果鈍葉栒子 Cotoneaster hebephyllus var. majusculus W. W. Sm.(異名Cotoneaster majusculus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz)
- 鈍葉栒子 Cotoneaster hebephyllus var. hebephyllus(異名Cotoneaster monopyrenus (W.W.Sm.) Flinck & B.Hylmö)
- Cotoneaster hedegaardii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster hersianus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster heterophyllus J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster hicksii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster himaleiensis hort. ex Zabel
- Cotoneaster himalayensis hort. ex Lavallee
- Cotoneaster hissaricus Pojark.
- 海姆維斯蒂栒子 Cotoneaster hjelmqvistii Flinck & B.Hylmö
- 鶴慶栒子 Cotoneaster hodjingensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster hookeri hort. ex Zabel
- Cotoneaster hookerianus hort. ex Lavallee
- 平枝栒子 Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne.
- 小葉平枝栒子 Cotoneaster horizontalis var. perpusillus Schneid.(異名Cotoneaster perpusillus (C.K.Schneid.) Flinck & B.Hylmö)
- 平枝栒子 Cotoneaster horizontalis var. horizontalis
- Cotoneaster hsingshangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 花蓮栒子 Cotoneaster hualiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster humifusus Duthie ex J.H.Veitch
- Cotoneaster humilis Donn
- Cotoneaster hummelii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster hunanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 河北栒子 Cotoneaster hurusawaianus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster hylanderi B.Hylmö & J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster hymalaicus Carriere
- Cotoneaster hylmoei Flinck & J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster hypocarpus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster ichangensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster ignavus E.L.Wolf
- Cotoneaster ignescens J.Fryer & B.Hylmö - Firebird Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster ignotus G.Klotz - Black-grape Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster improvisus Klotzsch
- Cotoneaster induratus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö - Hardy Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster inexspectus G.Klotz
- 陷脈栒子 Cotoneaster insculptus Diels
- Cotoneaster insignis Pojark.
- Cotoneaster insignoides J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster insolitus G.Klotz
- 全緣栒子 Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik.
- Cotoneaster integrifolius (Roxb.) G.Klotz - Entire-leaved Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster intermedius (Lecoq. & Lamotte) H.J.Coste
- Cotoneaster japonicus hort. ex Dippel
- Cotoneaster juranus Gand.
- Cotoneaster kaganensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster kamaoensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster kangtinensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster kansuensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster karatavicus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster karelicus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 巴塘栒子 Cotoneaster kaschkarovii Pojark.
- Cotoneaster kerstanii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster khasiensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster kingdonii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster kirgizicus Grevtsova
- Cotoneaster kitaibelii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster klotzii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster koizumii Hayata
- 康布栒子 Cotoneaster kongboensis G.Klotz
- 小西氏栒子 Cotoneaster konishii Hayata,馬太鞍栒子、台灣舖地蜈蚣
- Cotoneaster kotschyi (C.K.Schneid.) G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster krasnovii Pojark.
- Cotoneaster kullensis B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster kweitschoviensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster lacei Klotzsch
- 乳白花栒子 Cotoneaster lacteus W.W.Sm.
- Cotoneaster laetevirens (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster laevis hort. ex Steud.
- Cotoneaster lambertii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster lamprofolius J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster lanatus hort. ex Regel
- Cotoneaster lancasteri J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 中甸栒子 Cotoneaster langei G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster langtangensis B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster lanshanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster latifolius J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster laxiflorus Jacq. ex Lindl.
- Cotoneaster lesliei J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster leveillei J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 麗江栒子 Cotoneaster lidjiangensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster lindleyi Steud.
- Cotoneaster linearifolius (G.Klotz) G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster logginovae Grevtsova
- Cotoneaster lomahunensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 貝加爾栒子 Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl.
- 單核栒子 Cotoneaster ludlowii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster luristanicus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster macrocarpus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster magnificus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster mairei H.Lév. - Maire's Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster marquandii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster marroninus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster mathonnetii Gand.
- Cotoneaster matrensis Domokos
- Cotoneaster megalocarpus Popov
- 黑果栒子 Cotoneaster melanocarpus Lodd.
- Cotoneaster melanotrichus (Franch.) G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster meuselii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster meyeri Pojark.
- 小葉栒子 Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl.
- 白毛小葉栒子 Cotoneaster microphyllus var. cochleatus (Franch.) Rehder & E. H. Wilson(異名:Cotoneaster cochleatus (Franch.) G.Klotz)
- 無毛小葉栒子 Cotoneaster microphyllus var. glacialis Hook. f. ex Wenz.(異名Cotoneaster glacialis (Hook.f. ex Wenz.) Panigrahi & Arv.Kumar,Cotoneaster congestus Baker,Cotoneaster pyrenaicus hort. ex Rehder, nom. inval.)
- 細葉小葉栒子 Cotoneaster microphyllus var. thymifolius Koehne(異名:Cotoneaster thymifolius Wall. ex Lindl.)
- 小葉栒子 Cotoneaster microphyllus var. microphyllus
- Cotoneaster milkedandai J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster mingkwongensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster miniatus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster minimus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster minitomentellus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster minutus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster mirabilis G.Klotz & Krugel
- Cotoneaster misturatus J.Fryer
- 蒙古栒子 Cotoneaster mongolicus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster montanus Lange ex Dippel
- 台灣栒子 Cotoneaster morrisonensis Hayata
- Cotoneaster morulus Pojark.
- 寶興栒子 Cotoneaster moupinensis Franch.
- 突尖栒子 Cotoneaster mucronatus Franch.
- 木里栒子 Cotoneaster muliensis G.Klotz
- 水栒子 Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge
- Cotoneaster nagaensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster nakai Hayata
- Cotoneaster naninitens J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster nanshan M.Vilm. ex Mottet - Dwarf Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster nantaouensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster nanus (G.Klotz) G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster narynensis Tkatsch. ex J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster nebrodensis (Guss.) K.Koch
- Cotoneaster nedoluzhkoi Tzvelev.
- Cotoneaster nefedovii Galushko
- Cotoneaster neo-antoninae A.N.Vassiljeva
- Cotoneaster neopopovii Czerep.
- Cotoneaster nepalensis hort. ex K.Koch
- Cotoneaster nervosus Decne
- Cotoneaster nevadensis Boiss. ex Steud.
- Cotoneaster newryensis Lemoine
- Cotoneaster niger (Wahlenb.) Fries
- 光澤栒子 Cotoneaster nitens Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- 亮葉栒子 Cotoneaster nitidifolius Marquand
- 兩列栒子 Cotoneaster nitidus Jacques
- 小葉兩列栒子 Cotoneaster nitidus var. parvifolius (Yu) Yu(異名Cotoneaster parvifolius (Hook.f.) Panigrahi & Arv.Kumar)
- 兩列栒子 Cotoneaster nitidus var. nitidus
- Cotoneaster nivalis (G.Klotz) G.Panigrahi & A.Kumar
- Cotoneaster nohelii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 顯著栒子 Cotoneaster notabilis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster nudiflorus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster nummularioides Pojark.
- Cotoneaster nummularius Fisch. & Mey.
- Cotoneaster obovatus Osmaston
- 暗紅栒子 Cotoneaster obscurus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- 大葉暗紅栒子 Cotoneaster obscurus var. cornifolius Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- 暗紅栒子 Cotoneaster obscurus var. obscurus
- Cotoneaster obtusisepalus Gand.
- Cotoneaster obtusus Wall. ex Lindl.
- 少花栒子 Cotoneaster oliganthus Pojark.
- 少果栒子 Cotoneaster oligocarpus C.K.Schneid.
- Cotoneaster omissus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster orbicularis Schltdl.
- Cotoneaster orientalis (Mill.) Borbas
- Cotoneaster osmastonii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster ottoschwarzii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster ovatus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster pangiensis G.Klotz
- 氈毛栒子 Cotoneaster pannosus Franch.
- 大葉氈毛栒子 Cotoneaster pannosus var. robustior W.W.Smith
- 氈毛栒子 Cotoneaster pannosus var. pannosus
- Cotoneaster paradoxus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster parkeri G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster parkinsonii Panigrahi & Arv.Kumar
- Cotoneaster parnassicus Boiss. & Heldr.
- Cotoneaster peduncularis Boiss.
- 北京栒子 Cotoneaster pekinensis (Koehne) Zabel
- Cotoneaster permutatus G.Klotz
- 聚花栒子 Cotoneaster pleuriflorus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster poluninii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster procumbens G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster prostratus Baker - Procumbent Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster przewalskii Pojark.
- Cotoneaster pseudoambiguus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö - Kangting Cotoneaster
- 叢花車輪桃 Cotoneaster racemiflorus K.Koch
- Cotoneaster rehderi Pojark. - Bullate Cotoneaster
- 網脈栒子 Cotoneaster reticulatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- 麻葉栒子 Cotoneaster rhytidophyllus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- 羅氏栒子 Cotoneaster rockii
- Cotoneaster roseus Edgew.
- Cotoneaster rosiflorus K. C. Chang & F. Y. Lu [12]
- 圓葉栒子 Cotoneaster rotundifolius Wall. ex Lindl. - Round-leaved Cotoneaster
- 紅花栒子 Cotoneaster rubens W.W.Sm.
- 小葉紅花栒子 Cotoneaster rubens var. minianus Yü
- 紅花栒子 Cotoneaster rubens var. rubens Yü
- 柳葉栒子 Cotoneaster salicifolius Franch.
- 大葉柳葉栒子 Cotoneaster salicifolius var. henryanus (C. K. Schneid.) T. T. Yu(異名Cotoneaster henryanus (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson)
- 皺葉柳葉栒子 Cotoneaster salicifolius var. rugosus (E. Pritz.) Rehder & E. H. Wilson
- 窄葉柳葉栒子 Cotoneaster salicifolius var. angustus Yu(異名Cotoneaster angustus (T.T.Yu) G.Klotz)
- 柳葉栒子 Cotoneaster salicifolius var. salicifolius
- Cotoneaster salwinensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster sanbaensis J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster sandakphuensis G.Klotz
- 血色栒子 Cotoneaster sanguineus T.T.Yu
- Cotoneaster sargentii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster saxatilis Pojark.
- Cotoneaster saxonicus B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster scandinavicus B.Hylmö
- 山東栒子 Cotoneaster schantungensis G.Klotz
- 鈍尖栒子 Cotoneaster schlechtendalii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster schubertii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster shannanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö - Shannan Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster shansiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 康巴栒子 Cotoneaster sherriffii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster sichuanensis Klotzsch
- 西康栒子 Cotoneaster sikangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster sikkimensis Mouill.
- 華中栒子 Cotoneaster silvestrei Pamp.(異名Cotoneaster hupehensis Rehder & E.H.Wilson)
- 西蒙氏栒子 Cotoneaster simonsii Baker
- Cotoneaster smithii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster soczavianus Pojark.
- 準噶爾栒子 Cotoneaster soongoricus (Regel & Herder) Popov
- 小果準噶爾栒子 Cotoneaster soongoricus var. microcarpus (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) G. Klotz(異名Cotoneaster microcarpus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö)
- 準噶爾栒子 Cotoneaster soongoricus var. soongoricus
- Cotoneaster sordidus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster soulieanus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster spathulatus (Michx.) Wenz.
- Cotoneaster spongbergii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 尼東栒子 Cotoneaster staintonii G.Klotz
- 硬枝栒子 Cotoneaster sternianus (Turrill) Boom
- Cotoneaster stracheyi Klotzsch
- Cotoneaster strigosus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster suavis Pojark.
- Cotoneaster subacutus Pojark.
- 高山栒子 Cotoneaster subadpressus T.T.Yu
- Cotoneaster subalpinus G.Klotz
- 毛葉水栒子 Cotoneaster submultiflorus Popov(異名:Cotoneaster bitahaiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö)
- Cotoneaster suboblongus Gand.
- Cotoneaster subuniflorus (Kitam.) G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster suecicus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster svenhedinii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster taitoensis Hayata
- Cotoneaster taiwanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster takpoensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster taksangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster talgaricus Popov
- Cotoneaster tanpaensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 洮河栒子 Cotoneaster taoensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster tardiflorus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster tauricus Pojark.
- 藏南栒子 Cotoneaster taylorii T.T.Yu
- Cotoneaster tebbutus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster teijiashanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster tengyuehensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö - Tengyueh Cotoneaster
- 細枝栒子 Cotoneaster tenuipes Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- Cotoneaster thimphuensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 西藏栒子 Cotoneaster tibeticus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster tjuliniae Pojark. ex Peschkova
- Cotoneaster tkatschenkoi Grovtsova
- Cotoneaster tomentellus Pojark. - Short-felted Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster tomentosus Lindl. - Woolly Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster transcaucasicus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster transens G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster trinervis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster tsarongensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 土默特栒子 Cotoneaster tumeticus Pojark.
- 陀螺果栒子 Cotoneaster turbinatus Craib
- Cotoneaster turcomanicus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster tytthocarpus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster undulatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 單花栒子 Cotoneaster uniflorus Bunge
- Cotoneaster uralensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster uva-ursi G.Don
- Cotoneaster uva-ursinus (Lindl.) J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster uzbezicus Grevtsova
- Cotoneaster vandelaarii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster veitchii (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) G.Klotz - Many-flowered Cotoneaster
- 雪山栒子 Cotoneaster vernae C.K.Schneid.
- Cotoneaster verokotschyi J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 疣枝栒子 Cotoneaster verruculosus Diels
- Cotoneaster victorianus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 維西栒子 Cotoneaster vilmorinianus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster virgatus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster vulgaris Hook.f.
- Cotoneaster wallichianus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster wanbooyensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 白毛栒子 Cotoneaster wardii W.W.Sm.
- Cotoneaster washanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster wattii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster wilsonii Nakai - Somgeyagwang namu (In Korean)
- Cotoneaster yakuticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster yalungensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster yuii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster yulingkongensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster yulongensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 西北栒子 Cotoneaster zabelii C.K.Schneid.
- Cotoneaster zaprjagaevae Grevtsova
- 札尤路栒子 Cotoneaster zayulensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster zeilingskii B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster zeravschanicus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster zimmermannii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
參考文獻
外部連結
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.