氟化汞

氟化汞
	IUPAC名; Mercury(II) fluoride
別名	Mercuric fluoride
識別
CAS號	7783-39-3
PubChem	82209
性質
化學式	HgF2
摩爾質量	238.587 g·mol⁻¹
外觀	吸濕的白色立方晶體
密度	8.95 g/cm3
熔點	645°C(918K)下分解
溶解性（水）	反應
結構
晶體結構	螢石型（立方），cF12
空間群	Fm3m, No. 225
相關物質
其他陰離子	氯化汞; 溴化汞; 碘化汞
其他陽離子	氟化亞汞; 氟化鋅; 氟化鎘; 氟化亞鉈
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

氟化汞是一種汞元素和氟元素形成無機化合物，化學式為HgF₂，它的結構為複雜的空間層型網狀結構。

Quick Facts 氟化汞, 識別 ...

Close

性質

氟化汞溶於氫氟酸和稀硝酸。它在水中分解，並和水反應生成氧化汞和氫氟酸。氟化汞暴露於潮濕的空氣中會變成黃色，如果長期放置可能變成紅色。它與二硫化碳反應生成硫化汞和Hg(SCF₃)₂，^[3]見光易分解，因此需要黑暗的乾燥箱中或在氮氣等惰性氣氛中進行處理。

氟化汞能與氟代乙烯發生加成反應，形成多種有機汞化合物。^[4]氟代丙烯也能發生類似的加成反應和取代反應。^[5]膦（例如三甲基膦、三乙基膦、三正丁基膦和三苯基膦）與氟化汞反應可以獲得二氟代正膦：^[6]

R₃P + HgF₂ → R₃PF₂ + Hg

製法

氟化汞可由氧化汞與過量氫氟酸反應或F₂與Hg直接化合而製得。也可在270℃的溫度下用氟氣氟化氯化汞或氧化汞，還可使無水氟化氫與上述兩種物質反應製得。^[7]

用途

氟化汞作為一種溫和氟化劑，在加熱時下與多種金屬或非金屬的氧化物或氫氧化物反應，使它們轉化為氟化物。它也可用作有機物的氟化劑。^[8]氟化汞能將烴基轉化為-CX₂F、-CXF₂、-CHXF、-CHF₂，少數情況下可以轉化為三氟甲基。由於這種氟化劑的反應活性較弱，因此對溴代烴和碘代烴的反應效果較好，也比另一種先用作氟化劑的汞化合物氟化亞汞產率更高。^[9]

參考資料

[1]
Mercury Handbook: Chemistry, Applications and Environmental Impact. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. 2013 [2022-03-21]. ISBN 9781849734097. doi:10.1039/9781849735155 （英語）.
[2]
Lide, David R., Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 87, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press: 4–69, 1998, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2
[3]
Man, E. H.; Coffman, D. D.; Muetterties, E. L. Synthesis and Properties of Bis-(trifluoromethylthio)-mercury. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1959, 81 (14): 3575. doi:10.1021/ja01523a023.
[4]
Krespan, C. G. Addition of Mercuric Fluoride to Fluoroethylenes. Journal of Organic Chemistry. 1960, 25: 105. doi:10.1021/jo01071a030.
[5]
Miller, William T.; Freedman, Mark B. Substitution and Addition Reactions of the Fluoroölefins. V. The Electrophilic Addition of Mercuric Fluoride to Fluoropropenes in Hydrogen Fluoride. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1963, 85 (2): 180. doi:10.1021/ja00885a016.
[6]
Doxsee, Kenneth M.; Hanawalt, Erin M.; Weakley, Timothy J. R. Synthesis of difluorophosphoranes from phosphines and mercuric fluoride. Inorganic Chemistry. 1992, 31 (21): 4420. doi:10.1021/ic00047a033.
[7]
Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
[8]
Habibi, Mohammed H.; Mallouk, Thomas E. Photochemical selective fluorination of organic molecules using mercury (II) fluoride. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 1991, 51 (2): 291. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(00)80299-7.
[9]
Henne, Albert L.; Midgley, Thomas. Mercuric Fluoride, a New Fluorinating Agent. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1936, 58 (6): 884. doi:10.1021/ja01297a007.

[1] [1]
Mercury Handbook: Chemistry, Applications and Environmental Impact. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. 2013 [2022-03-21]. ISBN 9781849734097. doi:10.1039/9781849735155 （英語）.

[hand-2] [2]
Lide, David R., Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 87, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press: 4–69, 1998, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2

[3] [3]
Man, E. H.; Coffman, D. D.; Muetterties, E. L. Synthesis and Properties of Bis-(trifluoromethylthio)-mercury. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1959, 81 (14): 3575. doi:10.1021/ja01523a023.

[4] [4]
Krespan, C. G. Addition of Mercuric Fluoride to Fluoroethylenes. Journal of Organic Chemistry. 1960, 25: 105. doi:10.1021/jo01071a030.

[5] [5]
Miller, William T.; Freedman, Mark B. Substitution and Addition Reactions of the Fluoroölefins. V. The Electrophilic Addition of Mercuric Fluoride to Fluoropropenes in Hydrogen Fluoride. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1963, 85 (2): 180. doi:10.1021/ja00885a016.

[6] [6]
Doxsee, Kenneth M.; Hanawalt, Erin M.; Weakley, Timothy J. R. Synthesis of difluorophosphoranes from phosphines and mercuric fluoride. Inorganic Chemistry. 1992, 31 (21): 4420. doi:10.1021/ic00047a033.

[7] [7]
Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.

[8] [8]
Habibi, Mohammed H.; Mallouk, Thomas E. Photochemical selective fluorination of organic molecules using mercury (II) fluoride. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 1991, 51 (2): 291. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(00)80299-7.

[9] [9]
Henne, Albert L.; Midgley, Thomas. Mercuric Fluoride, a New Fluorinating Agent. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1936, 58 (6): 884. doi:10.1021/ja01297a007.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]