李善蘭恆等式為組合數學中的一個恆等式,由中國清代數學家李善蘭於1859年在《垛積比類》一書中首次提出,因此得名。 有冪級數[1]和概率[2]兩種證明方法。 表達式 ( n + k k ) 2 = ∑ j = 0 k ( k j ) 2 ( n + 2 k − j 2 k ) {\displaystyle {\binom {n+k}{k}}^{2}=\sum _{j=0}^{k}{\binom {k}{j}}^{2}{\binom {n+2k-j}{2k}}} 其中 ( k l ) = k ! l ! ( k − l ) ! {\displaystyle {\binom {k}{l}}={\frac {k!}{l!(k-l)!}}} 與超幾何函數的關係 李善蘭恆等式是薩爾許茨定理(Saalschütz's theorem)的一個整數特例。 3 F 2 ( a , b , − n ; c , 1 + a + b − c − n ; 1 ) = ( c − a ) n ( c − b ) n ( c ) n ( c − a − b ) n . {\displaystyle {}_{3}F_{2}(a,b,-n;c,1+a+b-c-n;1)={\frac {(c-a)_{n}(c-b)_{n}}{(c)_{n}(c-a-b)_{n}}}.} [3] [4] ∑ j = 0 k ( k j ) 2 ( n + 2 k − j 2 k ) = ( n + 2 k ) ! ( 2 k ) ! n ! ∑ j = 0 ∞ ( − k ) ( j ) ( − k ) ( j ) ( − n ) ( j ) ( 1 ) ( j ) ( − n − 2 k ) ( j ) j ! = ( n + 2 k ) ! ( 2 k ) ! n ! 3 F 2 ( − k , − k , − n ; 1 , − n − 2 k ; 1 ) {\displaystyle \sum _{j=0}^{k}{\binom {k}{j}}^{2}{\binom {n+2k-j}{2k}}={\frac {(n+2k)!}{(2k)!n!}}\sum _{j=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-k)^{(j)}(-k)^{(j)}(-n)^{(j)}}{(1)^{(j)}(-n-2k)^{(j)}j!}}={\frac {(n+2k)!}{(2k)!n!}}{}_{3}F_{2}(-k,-k,-n;1,-n-2k;1)} = ( n + 2 k ) ! ( 1 + k ) n ( 1 + k ) n ( 2 k ) ! n ! ( 1 ) n ( 1 + 2 k ) n = ( n + 2 k ) ! ( n + k ) ! ( n + k ) ! ( 2 k ) ! ( 2 k ) ! n ! k ! k ! n ! ( n + 2 k ) ! = ( n + k k ) 2 {\displaystyle ={\frac {(n+2k)!(1+k)_{n}(1+k)_{n}}{(2k)!n!(1)_{n}(1+2k)_{n}}}={\frac {(n+2k)!(n+k)!(n+k)!(2k)!}{(2k)!n!k!k!n!(n+2k)!}}={\binom {n+k}{k}}^{2}} 參見 組合數學 李善蘭 參考資料 [1]形式幂级数技巧的应用. [2013-12-10]. (原始內容存檔於2019-06-09). [2]李善兰恒等式的概率证明. [2013-12-10]. (原始內容存檔於2019-06-03). [3]Yong Sup Kim and Arjun Kumar Rathie. A NEW PROOF OF SAALSCHUTZ’S THEOREM FOR THE ¨SERIES 3F2(1) AND ITS CONTIGUOUS RESULTS WITH APPLICATIONS (PDF). Commun. Korean Math. Soc. 27. 2012 [2018-06-12]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2018-06-12). [4]Bruce Sagan,Richard Stanley. Mathematical Essays in honor of Gian-Carlo Rota. 這是一篇關於代數的小作品。您可以透過編輯或修訂擴充其內容。閱論編Wikiwand in your browser!Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.Wikiwand for ChromeWikiwand for EdgeWikiwand for Firefox
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