斜谷是陝西秦嶺的一處山谷,是褒斜道的北部入口,在今陝西省寶雞市眉縣斜谷村。班固的《西都賦》有雲:「左據函谷、二崤之阻,表以太華、終南之山;右界褒斜、隴首之險,帶以洪河、涇、渭之川。」
建興六年(公元228年)諸葛亮出兵北伐,宣稱將由斜谷道取郿,並令趙雲、鄧芝為疑軍,佔據箕谷,魏大將軍曹真率領大軍反擊,諸葛亮下令趙雲、鄧芝在斜谷道阻擋曹軍,自己率領蜀軍主力進攻祁山。然而趙雲、鄧芝的疑軍兵弱敵強,失利於箕谷,但兩人仍斂攏敗軍固守,一戍赤崖口,一戍赤崖屯田,意在持續牽制曹真所轄大軍於箕谷使其不得西顧[1]。
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