山茶屬

山茶屬
	茶樹（Camellia sinensis）
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
演化支：	菊類植物 Asterids
目：	杜鵑花目 Ericales
科：	山茶科 Theaceae
族：	山茶族 Theeae
屬：	山茶屬 Camellia; L., 1753
模式種
	山茶花; Camellia japonica; L., 1753

山茶屬（學名：Camellia），或稱茶屬，是山茶科的一大屬。品種約有200餘種。主要分佈中國的長江以南至雲南及越南等東亞與東南亞地區。其中的茶樹產茶葉，許多種也可以做觀賞植物^[1]。

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屬名Camellia為紀念耶穌會傳教士喬治·約瑟夫·卡梅爾（英語：Georg Joseph Kamel）（1667-1706）而命名。

根據世界植物在線數據庫的記錄，本屬目前包含以下224種：^[2]

Camellia albata Orel & Curry
Camellia amplexicaulis (Pit.)Cohen-Stuart
抱莖短蕊茶 Camellia amplexifolia Merr. & Chun
Camellia anderseniae Orel
Camellia andrefrancisii Orel & Curry
安龍瘤果茶 Camellia anlungensis Hung T.Chang
Camellia annamensis N.S.Lý, V.D.Lương, N.Đ.Đỗ, T.H.Lê & T.L.Nguyễn^[3]
大萼毛蕊茶 Camellia assimiloides Sealy
五室金花茶 Camellia aurea Hung T.Chang
假大頭茶 Camellia azalea C.F.Wei
Camellia bidoupensis Truong Luong & Tran
Camellia brevistaminata Orel & Curry
短柱茶 Camellia brevistyla (Hayata)Cohen-Stuart
Camellia bugiamapensis Orel Curry,Luu & Q.D.Nguyen
Camellia campanulata OrelCurry & Luu
白毛蕊茶 Camellia candida HungT.Chang
Camellia capitata Orel Curry & Luu
Camellia cattienensis Orel
長尾毛蕊茶 Camellia caudata Wall.
浙江紅山茶 Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu
Camellia cherryana Orel
Camellia chinmeiae S.L.Lee & T.Y.A.Yang
薄葉金花茶 Camellia chrysanthoides Hung T.Chang
Camellia columna Orel & Curry
Camellia compacta Orel & Curry
Camellia concinna Orel & Curry
泰國管蕊茶 Camellia connata (Craib)Craib
Camellia corallina (Gagnep.)Sealy
心葉毛蕊茶 Camellia cordifolia (F.P.Metcalf)Nakai
突肋茶 Camellia costata S.Y.Hu & S.Y.Liang
貴州連蕊茶 Camellia costei H.Lév.
紅皮糙果茶 Camellia crapnelliana Tutcher
厚軸茶 Camellia crassicolumna HungT.Chang
厚柄連蕊茶 Camellia crassipes Sealy
Camellia crassiphylla Ninh & Hakoda
Camellia crassisepala Orel & Curry
Camellia cuongiana Orel & Curry
滇南連蕊茶 Camellia cupiformis T.L.Ming
Camellia curryana Orel & Luu
尖連蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata (Kochs)Bean
Camellia dalatensis V.D.Luong Ninh & Hakoda
德保金花茶 Camellia debaoensis R.C.Hu & Y.Q.Liu fu, 2019^[4]
Camellia decora Orel Curry & Luu
Camellia dilinhensis Ninh & V.D.Luong
Camellia discorsa Orel & Curry
Camellia dongnaicensis Orel
Camellia dormoyana (Pierre)Sealy
Camellia drupifera Lour.
Camellia duyana Orel Curry & Luu
尖萼紅山茶 Camellia edithae Hance
Camellia elizabethae Orel & Curry
長管連蕊茶 Camellia elongata (Rehder & E.H.Wilson)Rehder
Camellia erubescens Orel & Curry
Camellia euphlebia Merr. ex Sealy, 1949
顯脈金花茶 Camellia euphlebia Merr.ex Sealy
柃葉連蕊茶 Camellia euryoides Lindl.
Camellia exigua Orel & Curry
防城茶 Camellia fangchengensis S.Ye Liang & Y.C.Zhong
Camellia fansipanensis J.M.H.Shaw Wynn-Jones & V.D.Nguyen
簇蕊金花茶 Camellia fascicularis Hung T.Chang
Camellia flava (Pit.)Sealy
淡黃金花茶 Camellia flavida Hung T.Chang
Camellia fleuryi (A.Chev.)Sealy
Camellia flosculora Curry V.S.Le,T.Q.Cuong & V.D.Luong
窄葉短柱茶 Camellia fluviatilis Hand.-Mazz.
Camellia foleyana Orel & Curry
蒙自連蕊茶 Camellia forrestii (Diels)Cohen-Stuart
Camellia fragilis Orel & Curry
毛柄連蕊茶 Camellia fraterna Hance
Camellia fulva Orel & Curry
糙果茶 Camellia furfuracea (Merr.)Cohen-Stuart
硬葉糙果茶 Camellia gaudichaudii (Gagnep.)Sealy
Camellia gilbertii (A.Chev.)Sealy
禿助連蕊茶 Camellia glabricostata T.L.Ming
Camellia gracilipes Merr.ex Sealy
大苞茶 Camellia grandibracteata Hung T.Chang,Y.J.Tan,F.L.Yu & P.S.Wang
大苞山茶 Camellia granthamiana Sealy
長瓣短柱茶 Camellia grijsii Hance
禿房茶 Camellia gymnogyna Hung T.Chang
海南油茶 Camellia hainanica Y.L.Zhao & Z.G.Xu
Camellia harlandii Orel & Curry
Camellia hatinhensis V.D.Luong Ninh & L.T.Nguyen
河口超長柄茶 Camellia hekouensis C.J.Wang & G.S.Fan
冬紅短柱茶 Camellia hiemalis Nakai
Camellia hirsuta Hakoda & Ninh
Camellia honbaensis Luu Q.D.Nguyen & G.Tran
Camellia hongiaoensis Orel & Curry
香港紅山茶 Camellia hongkongensis Seem.
貴州金花茶 Camellia huana T.L.Ming & W.J.Zhang
Camellia huulungensis Rosmann & Ninh
冬青葉山茶 Camellia ilicifolia Y.K.Li
Camellia illia Orel & Curry
凹脈金花茶 Camellia impressinervis Hung T.Chang & S.YeLiang
中越山茶 Camellia indochinensis Merr.
Camellia ingens Orel & Curry
Camellia insularis Orel & Curry
Camellia × intermedia (Tuyama) Nagam.
Camellia inusitata Orel Curry & Luu
山茶 Camellia japonica L.
Camellia kirinoi Ninh
落瓣短柱茶 Camellia kissii Wall.
Camellia krempfii (Gagnep.)Sealy
廣西茶 Camellia kwangsiensis Hung T.Chang
管蕊茶 Camellia lanceolata (Blume)Seem.
Camellia langbianensis (Gagnep.)P.H.Hô
Camellia laotica (Gagnep.)T.L.Ming
Camellia latifolia Orel & Curry
四川毛蕊茶 Camellia lawii Sealy
膜葉茶 Camellia leptophylla S.Ye Liang ex Hung T.Chang
Camellia ligustrina Orel Curry & Luu
長萼連蕊茶 Camellia longicalyx Hung T.Chang
Camellia longii Orel & Luu
長柄山茶 Camellia longipedicellata (Hu)Hung T.Chang & D.Fang
超長柄茶 Camellia longissima Hung T.Chang & S.YeLiang
Camellia lucii Orel & Curry
Camellia luongii Ninh & Le
Camellia lutchuensis T.Itô
雲南管蕊茶 Camellia luteocalpandria S.X.Yang & E.D.Liu
Camellia luteocerata Orel
小黃花茶 Camellia luteoflora Y.K.Li ex Hung T.Chang & F.A.Zeng
Camellia luteonerva Orel & Curry
Camellia luteopallida V.D.Luong T.Q.T.Nguyen & Luu
Camellia maiana Orel
毛蕊紅山茶 Camellia mairei (H.Lév.)Melch.
氂牛山山茶 Camellia maoniushanensis J.L.Liu & Q.Luo
Camellia megasepala Hung T.Chang & Trin Ninh
廣東毛蕊茶 Camellia melliana Hand.-Mazz.
小花金花茶 Camellia micrantha S.Ye Liang & Y.C.Zhong
彌勒糙果茶 Camellia mileensis T.L.Ming
富寧金花茶 Camellia mingii S.X.Yang
Camellia minima Orel & Curry
Camellia mollis Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren
Camellia montana (Blanco)Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren
Camellia multigemma Orel & Curry
Camellia murauchii Ninh & Hakoda
Camellia namkadingensis Soulad. & Tagane
Camellia nematodea (Gagnep.)Sealy
Camellia nervosa (Gagnep.)Hung T.Chang
Camellia ngheanensis N.D.DoV.D.Luong,N.S.Lý,T.H.Lê & D.H.Nguyễn
Camellia ninhii V.D.Luong & Le
Camellia oconoriana Orel Curry & Luu
油茶 Camellia oleifera C.Abel
厚短蕊茶 Camellia pachyandra Hu
Camellia pallida Orel & Curry
細花短蕊茶 Camellia parviflora Merr. & ChunexSealy
小瘤果茶 Camellia parvimuricata Hung T.Chang
Camellia parvula Orel & Curry
腺葉離蕊茶 Camellia paucipunctata (Merr. & Chun)Chun
Camellia pentagonalema Orel & Curry
四季花金花茶 Camellia perpetua S. Ye Liang & L. D. Huang
金花茶 Camellia petelotii (Merr.)Sealy
Camellia phanii Hakoda & Ninh
Camellia philippinensis Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren
毛籽離蕊茶 Camellia pilosperma S.Yun Liang
平果金花茶 Camellia pingguoensis D.Fang
Camellia piquetiana (Pierre)Sealy
Camellia pirifructa Orel & Curry
西南紅山茶 Camellia pitardii Cohen-Stuart
Camellia pleurocarpa (Gagnep.)Sealy
多齒紅山茶 Camellia polyodonta F.C.How ex Hu
Camellia proensis V.D.Luong Dudkin & V.H.Quach
Camellia psilocarpa X.G.Shi & C.X.Ye
毛葉茶 Camellia ptilophylla HungT.Chang
Camellia pubicosta Merr.
毛糙果茶 Camellia pubifurfuracea Y.C.Zhong
毛瓣金花茶 Camellia pubipetala Y.Wan & S.Z.Huang
Camellia puhoatensis N.S.Lý V.D.Luong,T.H.Lê,D.H.Nguyễn & N.D.Do
Camellia pukhangensis N.D.Do V.D.Luong,S.T.Hoang & T.H.Lê
Camellia pulchella Orel & Curry
斑枝毛蕊茶 Camellia punctata (Kochs)Cohen-Stuart
Camellia pyriparva Orel & Curry
Camellia pyxidiacea Z.R.XuF.P.Chen & C.Y.Deng
Camellia quangcuongii L.V.Dung S.T.Hoang & Nhan
Camellia reflexa Orel & Curry
Camellia renshanxiangiae C.X.Ye & X.Q.Zheng
滇山茶 Camellia reticulata Lindl.
皺果茶 Camellia rhytidocarpa HungT.Chang & S.YeLiang
Camellia rosacea Tagane Soulad. & Yahara
玫瑰連蕊茶 Camellia rosiflora Hook.
Camellia rosmannii Ninh
川萼連蕊茶 Camellia rosthorniana Hand.-Mazz.
喙果金花茶 Camellia rostrata S.X.Yang & S.F.Chai^[5]
圓基茶 Camellia rotundata Chang et Yu，接受名為：厚軸茶 Camellia crassicolumna
Camellia rubriflora Ninh & Hakoda
柳葉毛蕊茶 Camellia salicifolia Champ.
怒江紅山茶 Camellia saluenensis StapfexBean
茶梅 Camellia sasanqua Thunb.
Camellia scabrosa Orel & Curry
老撾茶 Camellia sealyana T.L.Ming
南山茶 Camellia semiserrata C.W.Chi
七瓣連蕊茶 Camellia septempetala Hung T.Chang & L.L.Qi
Camellia siangensis T.K.Paul & M.P.Nayar
茶樹 Camellia sinensis (L.)Kuntze，茶
Camellia sonthaiensis Luu V.D.Luong,Q.D.Nguyen & T.Q.T.Nguyen
Camellia stellata Orel & Curry
五室連蕊茶 Camellia stuartiana Sealy
全緣紅山茶 Camellia subintegra P.C.Huang
Camellia suddeeana D.Wei Zhao^[6]
Camellia synaptica Sealy
半宿萼茶 Camellia szechuanensis C.W.Chi
思茅短蕊茶 Camellia szemaoensis Hung T.Chang
大廠茶 Camellia tachangensis F.S.Zhang
Camellia tadungensis Orel Curry & Luu
大理茶 Camellia taliensis (W.W.Sm.)Melch.
大姚短柱茶 Camellia tenii Sealy
Camellia thailandica Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren
Camellia thanxaensa Hakoda & Kirino
Camellia thuongiana V.D.Luong A.Le & T.L.Nguyen
Camellia tienyenensis Orel & Curry
Camellia tomentosa Orel & Curry
東京金花茶 Camellia tonkinensis (Pit.)Cohen-Stuart
阿里山連蕊茶 Camellia transarisanensis (Hayata)Cohen-Stuart
毛枝連蕊茶 Camellia trichoclada (Rehder)S.S.Chien
Camellia triquetra Orel & Curry
雲南連蕊茶 Camellia tsaii Hu
金屏連蕊茶 Camellia tsingpienensis Hu
瘤果茶 Camellia tuberculata S.S.Chien
Camellia tuyenquangensis V.D.Luong Le & Ninh
單體紅山茶 Camellia uraku Kitam.
Camellia vanlangensis V.D. Luong & V.T. Pham^[7]
Camellia venusta Orel & Curry
小果毛蕊茶 Camellia villicarpa S.S.Chien
綠萼連蕊茶 Camellia viridicalyx Hung T.Chang & S.YeLiang
Camellia viscosa Orel & Curry
Camellia vuquangensis V.D.Luong Ninh & L.T.Nguyen
滇緬離蕊茶 Camellia wardii Kobuski
Camellia wilkesiana Orel & Curry
武鳴金花茶 Camellia wumingensis S.Ye Liang & C.R.Fu ex Hai L.Chen^[8]
黃花短蕊茶 Camellia xanthochroma K.M.Feng & L.S.Xie
Camellia yokdonensis Dungbis & Hakoda
五柱滇山茶 Camellia yunnanensis (Pit. ex Diels)Cohen-Stuart
Camellia zhaiana S.X.Yang
紫金短柱茶 Camellia zijinica M.Lin, Q.L.Ye & Q.Fan, 2024^[9]

山茶屬植物具有重要的經濟價值，茶葉是世界三大植物飲料之一；茶花是中國十大名花，深受世界各國人民的喜愛；油茶還是一種優良的木本油料植物。根據世界山茶屬植物品種數據庫的記錄，世界範圍內1253年至2023年的茶花、茶葉、茶油品種有26,087種^[10]^[11]。

[1]
RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008: 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
[2]
Camellia L.. Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. [2022-11-13]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-03）.
[3]
Ngọc-Sâm Lý, Văn-Dũng Lương, Thị-Hương Lê, Ngọc-Đài Đỗ, Ninh TRẦN, Anh-Đức Nguyễn, Thị-Liễu Nguyễn, Chiyomi Uematsu and Hironori Katayama. 2022. Camellia annamensis (Theaceae), A New Species from central Vietnam. Taiwania. 67(2); 243-249 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2022.67.243
[4]
Hu, Renchuan,Wei, Sujuan,Liufu, Yongqing,et al. Camellia debaoensis (Theaceae), a new species of yellow camellia from limestone karsts in southwestern China[J]. PHYTOKEYS,2019(135):49-58.
[5]
Zhen-Wen Liu, Sheng-Feng Chai, Fang-Yuan Wu, Pin-Ming Ye, Chang-Jie Jiang, Zhi-Rong Zhang, Xiang-Qin Yu, Jin-Lin Ma and Shi-Xiong Yang. 2020. Camellia rostrata, A New Species of Yellow Camellias from Southwest China. Phytotaxa. 459(1); 61–68. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.459.1.6
[6]
Dongwei Zhao. 2023. Camellia suddeeana (Theaceae), A New Species from Thailand. Phytotaxa. 594(3); 232-236. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.3.7，http://Researchgate.net/publication/370328018_Camellia_suddeeana_a_new_species_from_Thailand
[7]
Ngoc Bon Trinh, Van Dung Luong, Nguyet Hai Ninh Le and Van The Pham. 2023. Camellia vanlangensis (Theaceae, Sect. Archecamellia), A New Yellow-flowered Species from Vietnam. Taiwania. 68(4); 465-471. taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/1965
[8]
Hai-Ling Chen, Su-Juan Wei, Shao-Qing Tang and Yan Liu. 2023. Camellia wumingensis (Theaceae), A neglected Species from Guangxi, China. Taiwania. 68(4); 472-479. taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/1966
[9]
Min Lin, Qin-Liang Ye, Zhi-Jian Zhang, Wen-Bo Liao and Qiang Fan. 2024. Camellia zijinica (Theaceae), A New Species endemic to Danxia Landscape from Guangdong Province, China. PhytoKeys. 237: 245-255. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.114768
[10]
International Camellia Register-Camellia,Cultivars,Species,Photos. camellia.iflora.cn. [2023-02-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-11）.
[11]
Wang, Yanan; Zhuang, Huifu; Shen, Yunguang; Wang, Yuhua; Wang, Zhonglang. The Dataset of Camellia Cultivars Names in the World. Biodiversity Data Journal. 2021-01-19, 9 [2023-02-11]. ISSN 1314-2828. PMC 7838149 . PMID 33519266. doi:10.3897/BDJ.9.e61646. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-11）.

[編]

《欽定古今圖書集成·博物彙編·草木典·山茶部》，出自陳夢雷《古今圖書集成》

《植物名實圖考·山茶》，出自吳其濬《植物名實圖考》

Camellia. ITIS.

The International Camellia Society （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
The American Camellia Society （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
The Southeastern Camellia Society
Website with many Camellia illustrations from European and Japanese Camellia Books
First Public Camellia Show （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） historical marker

[1] [1]
RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008: 1136. ISBN 1405332964.

[2] [2]
Camellia L.. Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. [2022-11-13]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-03）.

[3] [3]
Ngọc-Sâm Lý, Văn-Dũng Lương, Thị-Hương Lê, Ngọc-Đài Đỗ, Ninh TRẦN, Anh-Đức Nguyễn, Thị-Liễu Nguyễn, Chiyomi Uematsu and Hironori Katayama. 2022. Camellia annamensis (Theaceae), A New Species from central Vietnam. Taiwania. 67(2); 243-249 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2022.67.243

[4] [4]
Hu, Renchuan,Wei, Sujuan,Liufu, Yongqing,et al. Camellia debaoensis (Theaceae), a new species of yellow camellia from limestone karsts in southwestern China[J]. PHYTOKEYS,2019(135):49-58.

[5] [5]
Zhen-Wen Liu, Sheng-Feng Chai, Fang-Yuan Wu, Pin-Ming Ye, Chang-Jie Jiang, Zhi-Rong Zhang, Xiang-Qin Yu, Jin-Lin Ma and Shi-Xiong Yang. 2020. Camellia rostrata, A New Species of Yellow Camellias from Southwest China. Phytotaxa. 459(1); 61–68. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.459.1.6

[6] [6]
Dongwei Zhao. 2023. Camellia suddeeana (Theaceae), A New Species from Thailand. Phytotaxa. 594(3); 232-236. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.3.7，http://Researchgate.net/publication/370328018_Camellia_suddeeana_a_new_species_from_Thailand

[7] [7]
Ngoc Bon Trinh, Van Dung Luong, Nguyet Hai Ninh Le and Van The Pham. 2023. Camellia vanlangensis (Theaceae, Sect. Archecamellia), A New Yellow-flowered Species from Vietnam. Taiwania. 68(4); 465-471. taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/1965

[8] [8]
Hai-Ling Chen, Su-Juan Wei, Shao-Qing Tang and Yan Liu. 2023. Camellia wumingensis (Theaceae), A neglected Species from Guangxi, China. Taiwania. 68(4); 472-479. taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/1966

[9] [9]
Min Lin, Qin-Liang Ye, Zhi-Jian Zhang, Wen-Bo Liao and Qiang Fan. 2024. Camellia zijinica (Theaceae), A New Species endemic to Danxia Landscape from Guangdong Province, China. PhytoKeys. 237: 245-255. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.114768

[10] [10]
International Camellia Register-Camellia,Cultivars,Species,Photos. camellia.iflora.cn. [2023-02-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-11）.

[11] [11]
Wang, Yanan; Zhuang, Huifu; Shen, Yunguang; Wang, Yuhua; Wang, Zhonglang. The Dataset of Camellia Cultivars Names in the World. Biodiversity Data Journal. 2021-01-19, 9 [2023-02-11]. ISSN 1314-2828. PMC 7838149 . PMID 33519266. doi:10.3897/BDJ.9.e61646. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-11）.

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山茶屬

茶樹（Camellia sinensis）
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
演化支：	菊類植物 Asterids
目：	杜鵑花目 Ericales
科：	山茶科 Theaceae
族：	山茶族 Theeae
屬：	山茶屬 Camellia L., 1753
模式種
山茶花 Camellia japonica L., 1753