季銨鹽[1][2](quaternary ammonium salts)又稱四級銨鹽或活性四級化合物,是銨離子的四個氫原子都由烴基取代而形成的四級銨陽離子(quaternary ammonium cations,quats)鹽,通式 R₄N⁺X⁻。其中四條烴基R₄可以相同,也可以不同;X⁻多為鹵素陰離子,HSO₄⁻,RCO₂⁻及OH⁻(R₄NOH 稱為 季銨鹼)。
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