嫡系是指家父長制中宗族、氏族的正支嫡長系血脈,代表宗族、氏族的正統傳承。嫡庶制度中,承採取「有嫡立嫡,無嫡立長」(正妻有子的話立其兒子——嫡子,沒有嫡子的話立妾所生最年長兒子——庶長子)的制度,稱為嫡長繼承制,而家主地位則正妻所生的兒子中年齡最大(嫡長子)繼承,這種由嫡長子傳承的家系,稱為嫡系。而同一宗族的其他家系則稱為庶系。
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