俱盧之戰

俱盧之戰（梵語：कुरुक्षेत्र युद्ध；英語：Kurukshetra War 或 Mahabharata War）是俱盧族和般度族之間為爭奪俱盧國王位而發生的戰爭。據《摩訶婆羅多》記載，印度幾乎所有地區都參與這場戰爭；根據《摩訶婆羅多》和其他吠陀文獻記載，這是古印度吠陀時期規模最大的戰爭。^[8] 數十萬剎帝利戰士在這場戰爭中喪生，導致吠陀文化和文明衰落。^[8] 由於這場戰爭，印度失去許多剎帝利、知識和科學。從某種意義上說，正處於發展巔峰的吠陀文化和文明突然被毀滅。吠陀文明隨着這場戰爭而結束。史詩《摩訶婆羅多》中記載這場戰爭的故事，並一直流傳至今。^[8] 般度族據稱贏得最終勝利。^[8]

俱盧之戰 कुरुक्षेत्र युद्ध
約1700年的俱盧之戰圖
地點 古魯格舍德拉 結果 般度族與盟友慘勝，推翻俱盧族王朝 哈斯蒂納普爾淪陷 持國退位，堅戰登基 在尚武的率領下，天帝城（英語：Indraprastha）成為哈斯蒂納普爾的附庸 鴦伽、車底、健馱邏國、羯陵伽、拘薩羅、摩德羅、摩揭陀、摩差、般遮羅、信度發生繼承危機 般遮羅取代俱盧成為地區霸權 領土變更 俱盧的哈斯蒂納普爾和天帝城在般度族的統治下重新統一 德羅納持有的般遮羅土地歸還給般遮羅 停戰和戰前狀態
參戰方
般度族 黑天 般遮羅 摩差 摩揭陀 車底 貢提 其他盟友	俱盧族 鴦伽 犍陀羅國 信度 摩德羅 劍浮沙 波力迦（英語：Bahlikas） 三穴國（英語：Trigarta Kingdom） 東光國（英語：Pragjyotisha kingdom） 雅度族(Narayani Sena of Krishna) 其他盟友
指揮官與領導者
領袖 堅戰 總司令 猛光（英語：Dhrishtadyumna） (day 1-18) † 其他指揮官 阿周那 怖軍 木柱王 † 毗羅吒 † 激昂（英語：Abhimanyu） † 百軍（英語：Upapandavas） † 薩諦奇（英語：Satyaki） 束髮 † 無種 偕天 軍師 黑天	領袖 Dhritrashtra Duryodhana † Commanders-in-chief Bhishma (day 1-10) † Drona (day 11-15) † Karna (day 16-17) † Shalya (day 18) † Ashwatthama (night raid) Other-Commanders Dushasana † Jayadratha † Kripa Kritavarma Bhurishravas † Bahlika † Bhagadatta † Sudakshina † Strategist Shakuni †
兵力
7 Akshauhinis 153,090-100,300,000[1] 輛雙輪戰車和戰車兵 10,000 - 153,090 頭戰象和騎象人 459,270 - 1,000,000 馬和騎士 765,450 - 1,000,000,000 步兵 [2] (總計1,530,900-1,003,830,900名士兵)	11 Akshauhinis 240,570 輛雙輪戰車和戰車兵 240,570 頭戰象和騎象人 721,710 馬和騎士 - 100,000,000 horses (mentioned possibly as a hyperbole)[3] 1,202,850 步兵 6,000,000 protecting elephants and chariots[4] 140,000,000 畢舍遮 280,000,000 羅剎 420,000,000 夜叉 100,000,000 Narayani Sena[5][6] (total 8,450,700 - 1,048,405,700 soldiers)
傷亡與損失
幾乎總共 (1,530,892 名士兵) only 8 known survivors - the Pandavas, Krishna, Satyaki, and Yuyutsu.	幾乎總共(2,405,697 名士兵) only 3 known survivors - Ashwatthama, Kripa, and Kritavarma
Yudhishthira gives a different number which is 1,660,020,000 dead and 24,165 missing.[7]

俱盧之戰圖

參考文獻

1. The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parva: Section L. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於25 March 2023）. And Nakula and Sahadeva placed themselves on the left wing. And on the joints of the wings were placed ten thousand cars and on the head a hundred thousand, and on the back a hundred millions and twenty thousand and on the neck a hundred and seventy thousand.
2. The Mahābhārata. Internet Archive. New Delhi : Penguin. 2009: 291. ISBN 978-0-14-044681-4.
3. The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Uluka Dutagamana Parva: Section CXCIX. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於25 March 2023）. And he was followed by Sauchitti, who steadily adhered to truth and was invincible in battle, and Srenimat, and Vasudeva and Vibhu, the son of the ruler of Kasi, with twenty thousand cars, and hundred million steeds of high mettle, each bearing scores of bells on its limbs, and twenty thousand smiting elephants with tusks as long as plough-shares, all of good breed and divided temples and all resembling moving masses of clouds.
4. The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parvad: Section XVIII. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於25 March 2023）. And with a division that consisted of ten thousand active elephants, the king of Magadha followed that large car division. They that protected the wheels of the cars and they that protected the elephants, numbered full six millions.
5. The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Section VII. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-27]. （原始內容存檔於27 March 2023）.
6. The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Draupadi-harana Parva: Section CCLXXIX. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-26]. （原始內容存檔於26 March 2023）. One hundred and forty millions of Pisachas, twice as many man-eating Rakshasa of terrible deed, and thrice as many Yaksha do my bidding!
7. The Mahābhārata. Internet Archive. New Delhi : Penguin. 2009: 593. ISBN 978-0-14-044681-4. Dhristarashtra asks Yudhishthira the number of battle casualties: he reports that 1,660,020,000 men are dead and 24,165 missing.
8. Bonnefoy, Yves. Asian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press. 1993-05-15. ISBN 978-0-226-06456-7 （英語）.