卡洛語（Caló，西班牙語：[kaˈlo]，加泰羅尼亞語：[kəˈɫo]；葡萄牙語：calão，葡萄牙語：[kɐˈlɐ̃w]）是一種住在西班牙跟葡萄牙的吉普賽人說的語言。它是一種基於 羅曼語族的混合語言。 [1] 經過語言變遷形成的。它們通常被當作吉普賽人的黑話來使用。葡萄牙的「Calão」, 加泰羅尼亞語的「Caló」跟西班牙語的「Caló」是有共同根源的變種。[2]
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西班牙卡洛語（Caló）原先稱為「Zincaló」，葡萄牙的吉普賽語（Calão）也被稱為「Lusitano-Romani」。
詞彙的借用
很多卡洛語詞彙被借用到西班牙文裏面（特別是經由俚語跟口語的方法），通常是經由佛朗明哥歌詞跟罪犯用的黑話（germanía）。
舉一些例子： gachó/gachí ("男人/女人", 從 gadjo/gadji 演變來), chaval ("男孩", 原意是 "兒子", 是英文詞彙 chav的親戚[3]), parné ("金錢"),currelar 或currar ("去工作"), fetén ("很棒的"), pinreles ("腳"),biruji ("冷"), churumbel ("嬰兒"), gilí ("笨的、愚蠢的"), chachi("很棒的、傑出的"), (un)debel/debla ("神明/女神"), mengue ("demond"), chorar ("偷竊"), molar ("喜歡"), piltra ("bed"), acais ("眼睛"), chola ("頭"),jeró ("臉"), napia ("鼻子"), muí ("嘴巴"), lache ("羞恥"),pitingo ("vain"), chungo ("壞的、淘氣的"), guripa ("cheeky, soldier"), ful("假的"), potra ("運氣"), paripé ("pretence"), juncal ("slender, graceful"),pure/pureta ("老的"), sobar ("睡覺"), quer or queli ("房子"),garito ("house, gambling den"), jalar ("吃"), cate ("打"), diñar ("to give, to die"), palmar ("to die, to snuff it"), chinarse ("生氣"), apoquinar ("付錢"),langui ("lame"), chalado or pirado ("瘋狂的"), pirarse ("離開", "缺席"), changar ("打破"), chivarse ("to denounce sb, to squeal"), chivato("informer"), hacerse el longuis ("to pretend to be absent-minded"), pringar ("to get sb mixed up, to overdo"),chingar ("打擾、搗亂"), chinorri ("小的"), najar ("逃跑"), privar("drink, to drink"), mangar ("偷"), jiñar ("to shit"), nanay ("no way, there isn't"),chorizo ("小偷"), achantar ("to get intimidated"), pispar ("to nick"), birlar("to nick"), achanta la muí ("閉上你的嘴巴"), canguelo or cangueli ("恐懼"), bujarra(pej. "homosexual"), cañí ("吉普賽人"), calé ("吉普賽人"), caló ("吉普賽語"), calas ("金錢"), payo ("種族不是吉普賽的人"), menda ("我自己"),chusma ("pleb") and galochi ("心").[4]
Caló also appears to have influenced Quinqui, the language of another Iberian group of travellers who are not ethnically Romani.
跟西班牙語比起來，在加泰羅尼亞語裏面借用的卡洛語詞彙比較少一點。 例如： halar (發音：[həˈɫa] or [xəˈɫa]; "to eat"), xaval ("boy"), dinyar(-la) ("to die"), palmar(-la) ("to die"), cangueli ("fear"), paio ("non-Romani person"), calé ("money"), caló ("language of the Iberian Kale"),cangrí ("prison"), pispar ("to nick"), birlar ("to nick"), xorar ("to steal"), mangar ("to steal"), molar ("to like"),pringar ("to get sb mixed up, to overdo"), pirar(-se) ("to leave, to make oneself scarce") sobar ("to sleep"), privar ("drink, to drink"), xusma ("pleb"), laxe ("shame"), catipén ("stink"), xaxi ("outstanding, genuine"), xivar-se ("to denounce sb, to squeal"), xivato ("informer"), xinar(-se) ("to get upset"), fer el llonguis ("to pretend to be absent-minded") and potra("luck").[5][6]
註釋
外部連結
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