热门问题
时间线
聊天
视角

中華人民共和國閲兵

維基媒體列表條目 来自维基百科,自由的百科全书

中華人民共和國閲兵
Remove ads

中華人民共和國閱兵是由中華人民共和國官方舉辦的重要閱兵儀式[3],主要用以紀念各種重大歷史事件(特別是中華人民共和國國慶節)。以國慶節閱兵為例:其通常在北京天安門廣場舉行,主要出席人士在天安門城樓檢閱由中國人民解放軍中國人民武裝警察部隊中國民兵以及各群眾遊行方陣組成的隊伍。國慶閱兵在1950年至1959年期間每年舉辦1次,此後國慶閱兵中斷,直至自1984年起恢復國慶閱兵並首次在中央電視台向全球直播閱兵實況[4],自1999年起形成每10年舉辦1次的傳統[5]。除傳統上在天安門廣場舉辦的閱兵式之外,中國大陸亦曾在海上舉行閱兵,此外還有於2017年在朱日和基地首次舉辦的實戰化閱兵。

快速預覽 中華人民共和國閱兵, 類型 ...
Remove ads

概要

Thumb
中共中央總書記、中共中央軍委主席習近平紀念中國人民抗日戰爭暨世界反法西斯戰爭勝利70周年大會上發表講話

自1950年國慶閱兵以來,北京天安門廣場便開始定期舉行閱兵儀式,以紀念中華人民共和國正式成立的周年數。現今閱兵每十年舉行一次(這一形式始於1999年,旨在紀念建國五十周年),而在此之前,自建國初期起閱兵曾每年舉行,直至1959年中國共產黨決定以「節約」方式慶祝這一節日[6]。此外,閱兵儀式亦曾於1964年、1966年、1969年、1970年和1984年舉行[7]

直到1959年,在採用蘇聯式軍隊國家化傳統舉行閱兵的年代,閱兵的檢閱部分由國防部長負責,該高級職位通常由將軍擔任(在1984年前由元帥擔任,1954年前則由中國人民解放軍總司令擔任)。閱兵儀式的司儀通常由中共北京市委書記或中共中央政治局委員擔任。自1984年以來,閱兵儀式由最高領導人主持,其既以中共中央總書記的政治職務出席,又依黨章和憲法履行中央軍委主席和全國武裝力量最高統帥的職責而率隊檢閱三軍[a]。閱兵總指揮一般為中國人民解放軍的高級軍官,軍銜為中將或少將,通常擔任中部戰區(及其前身)司令員,或在中央軍委現有15個部門中擔任高級職務。

Thumb
中國共產黨中央委員會主席毛澤東北京出席首次十一國慶閱兵
Remove ads

閱兵流程

閱兵開始

Thumb
林彪元帥正於1959年中華人民共和國成立十周年閱兵式上檢閱部隊

上午10時,中國人民解放軍軍樂團演奏《歡迎進行曲》,標誌着閱兵儀式正式開始。中共中央總書記(中華人民共和國最高領導人)到場時,與下列人員一同登上天安門城樓主席台:

在過去的遊行中,來自首都及全國各地的數千名年輕男女聚集在廣場,舉起紙牌組成各種文字和圖案(於2015年廢除),同時中國少年先鋒隊的學生大隊集合在大型樂隊的兩側。樂隊由解放軍軍樂團的高級指揮所領導,由大約1900名男女成員組成,他們來自駐紮於全國各地的軍樂團服役部門。少先隊大隊手擎紅色的大隊旗,旗幟在各自的隊伍面前清晰可見。

各人員到場之後,升旗儀式開始。不同於平常的升旗儀式,國旗護衛隊在北京衛戍區儀仗隊禮炮中隊的炮手鳴放禮炮21響之下,從人民英雄紀念碑下齊步出發,並列隊就位於靠近軍樂團的場地中央。與此同時,旗隊升旗手從護旗手接過中華人民共和國國旗,並將國旗放入旗杆。這一環節首次運用於1999年的國慶閱兵儀式,是1949年開國大典升旗儀式的一種再現。

在升旗儀式準備完畢、紙牌隊伍就位後,閱兵儀式司儀在麥克風前宣布:「女士們,先生們,請全體起立,升國旗,唱國歌!」之後,國旗護衛隊旗手下令敬禮,旗隊持槍敬禮時軍樂團演奏國歌《義勇軍進行曲》,國歌演奏完畢後旗隊持槍立正並稍息。

已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯

Inspection of the parade

As the armed linemen of the Beijing Capital Garrison take their places, the paramount leader then descends to the grounds of the Tiananmen Gate via the elevator and rides on an open top Hongqi L5 for the inspection segment, with around 4,000 to 16,000 military personnel of the PLA, PAP and militia formations assembled by battalions, as well as the 9,000 strong personnel of the mobile column with around 400-900 vehicles. As he arrives at the front of the gate at the Chang'an Avenue, the parade commander (since 1954 the Commander of the Beijing Military Region and later the Central Theater Command) arrives in a similar limousine to inform the paramount leader of the commencement of the inspection of the parade.

The report done, the paramount leader, as the Massed bands play, then inspects the formations, each of its leaders ordering a salute as he passes by and the battalions each present arms (eyes right for unarmed formations and the port arms when using modern rifles), after which they stand at attention. Since 1984 the regular honor guard companies of the Beijing Garrison Honor Guard Battalion (since 2015 the final company is a women's company) together with its national colour guard unit are the first in line for the inspection segment of the parade.

Following the inspection, the paramount leader returns to the Tiananmen Gate to give the national keynote holiday address, at the same time the commander takes his place in the gate as well and the parade formations are now formed in review order as the mobile column now forms up in addition to the flypast.

In the 2019 parade, the order was reversed, this time the paramount leader gives the opening keynote address before departing from the gate for the parade inspection.

Military parade proper

The order Commence the parade! from the parade commander atop Tiananmen Gate is the signal for the parade formation to march past the gate, wherein the dignitaries are gathered, while the crowds are assembled on the stands around the gate which include veterans of the PLA, Young Pioneers, representatives of state and private businesses and distinguished citizens as well as the civil service and the diplomatic corps and foreign press representatives. As the Massed Bands play the Parade March of the PLA, a special parade version of the Military Anthem of the People's Liberation Army, following the fly past of the national and party flags and the flag of the PLA, alongside, in special years, a helicopter formation honoring the number of years of nationhood, the ground column marches first as the General Secretary and other party, state and military leaders take the salute of each of the contingents marching past the saluting stand. Since 1984 the regular honor guard companies of the Beijing Garrison Honor Guard Battalion, including the aforementioned female company, are the first to march past the dignitaries, led by the colour guard carrying the flag of the PLA, which serves as the de facto national colour, alongside the national and party flags that both precede it. Each of the battalions that march past are made up of the following:

  • Officers of the CMC, MND and the People's Armed Police
  • National Defense University
  • Military academies and officer cadet schools
  • PLA Ground Forces
  • PLA Navy
    • PLA Marine Corps
  • PLA Air Force
    • PLA Airborne Corps
  • PLA Special Operations Forces
  • PLA Rocket Forces
  • Joint Logistics Support Force
  • Women's contingent of PLA personnel
  • People's Armed Police
  • PLA Reserve Service Forces
  • China Militia of the CMC and NDMC
  • Civilian workers of the CMC, PLA and MND
  • Battalion of PLA personnel serving in UN peacekeeping operations

Until the parade of 1959, the PLA, PAP and militia marched separately during the parade proper (the militia marched as part of the civil column). Each of the battalions consists of 350 soldiers (14 rows of 25 soldiers) and are led by the battalion commander and the battalion political commissar, who march at the lead of their unit.[來源請求]

A mobile column then follows which is also formed into battalions, but with the command personnel mounted on their vehicles as they render honors. These are made up of the mostly nationally produced military vehicles and equipment in service and being introduced to serve the needs of the modern PLA. A notable unit to serve in the mobile column is the female contingent from the Bethune Medical College, which was introduced to the parade in 1984.[8] Following this column, the flypast of aircraft from the Ground Forces, Navy and Air Force follows suit.

Remove ads

歷年閱兵列表

本表列舉中華人民共和國自建國以來歷年所舉行的重大閱兵儀式。根據中國人民解放軍《隊列條令》規定,中國大陸的閱兵權限由黨和國家領導人中央軍委領導、團級以上的部隊軍政主官以及經由上述人員授權的其他領導人物執行[9][10][11]

天安門廣場閱兵

  表示抗戰勝利閱兵,其餘為國慶閱兵
更多資訊 日期, 受閱部隊人數 ...
Remove ads

特別行政區成立紀念日閱兵

更多資訊 日期, 地點 ...
Remove ads

其他閱兵

  表示海上閱兵,其餘為陸上閱兵
更多資訊 日期, 地點 ...
Remove ads

相關條目

註釋

  1. 例外的是鄧小平在1984年閱兵時沒有擔任中共中央主要負責人職務。
  2. 1965年廢止中國人民解放軍軍銜制度時秦基偉為中將,1988年恢復軍銜制時被授予上將軍銜。

參考文獻

Loading related searches...

Wikiwand - on

Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.

Remove ads