隱孢子蟲屬(學名:Cryptosporidium)是頂複門的一個屬,本屬部分物種可感染包括人類在內的許多脊椎動物,造成隱孢子蟲病,症狀包括腹瀉與咳嗽等[1]。
感染
隱孢子蟲與瘧原蟲和弓形蟲皆為頂複門的寄生蟲,有別於後兩者,隱孢子蟲的生活史中不需中間宿主[2]。隱孢子蟲病多為短期、急性的疾病,感染後隱孢子蟲可生存在人類的腸道長達五週,造成腹瀉等症狀[1]。在體外隱孢子蟲以卵囊的形式存在,對環境的抗性很高,進入人體後即可感染小腸上皮組織。造成人類隱孢子蟲病的物種大多是小隱孢子蟲與人隱胞子蟲兩種,不過犬隱孢子蟲(C. canis)、貓隱孢子蟲(C. felis)、火雞隱胞子蟲(C. meleagridis)與鼠隱孢子蟲也可能感染人類[2]。免疫缺陷者被感染的症狀一般較嚴重,但免疫正常者也可能被感染[2]。
基因組
下屬物種
本屬包括以下物種:
- Cryptosporidium andersoni Lindsay, Upton, Owens, Morgan, Mead & Blagburn, 2000
- Cryptosporidium baileyi Current, Upton & Haynes, 1986
- Cryptosporidium bovis Barker & Carbonell, 1974
- Cryptosporidium canis Fayer, Trout, Xiao, Morgan, Lal & Dubey, 2001
- Cryptosporidium cichlidis (Paperna & Vilenkin, 1996)
- Cryptosporidium cuniculus Inman & Takeuchi, 1979
- Cryptosporidium felis Iseki, 1979
- Cryptosporidium galli Pavlásek, 1999
- Cryptosporidium hominis Morgan-Ryan, Fall, Ward, Hijjawi, Sulaiman, Fayer, Thompson, Olson, Lal & Xiao, 2002
- Cryptosporidium meleagridis Slavin, 1955
- Cryptosporidium molnari Alvarez-Pellitero & Sitjà-Bobadilla, 2002
- Cryptosporidium muris Tyzzer, 1907
- Cryptosporidium nasoris Hoover, Hoerr, Carlton, Hinsman & Ferguson, 1981
- Cryptosporidium nasorum Hoover et al., 1981
- 小隱孢子蟲 Cryptosporidium parvum Tyzzer, 1912
- Cryptosporidium pestis Slapeta, 2006
- Cryptosporidium reichenbachklinkei (Paperna & Vilenkin, 1996)
- Cryptosporidium scophthalmi Alvarez-Pellitero, Quiroga, Sitjà-Bobadilla, Redondo, Palenzuela, Padrós, Vázquez & Nieto, 2004
- Cryptosporidium serpentis Levine, 1980
- Cryptosporidium suis Ryan, Monis, Enemark, Sulaiman, Samarasinghe, Read, Buddle, Robertson, Zhou, Thompson & Xiao, 2004
- Cryptosporidium ubiquitum Fayer, Santin & Macarisin, 2010
- Cryptosporidium varanii Pavlásek, Lávicková, Horák, Král & Král, 1995
- Cryptosporidium viatorum Elwin, Hadfield, Robinson, Crouch & Chalmers, 2012
- Cryptosporidium wrairi Vetterling, Jervis, Merill & Sprinz, 1971
- Cryptosporidium xiaoi Fayer & Santin, 2009
參考文獻
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