藏語音系(Tibetan phonology)為標準藏語之音系,藏語音系屬於漢藏語系語言的音系之一。
藏文字母、威利拉丁字母轉寫、國際音標(古典藏語/現代標準藏語)
ཀ |
ka |
ka/ká |
ཅ |
ca |
ʨa/ʨá |
ཏ |
ta |
ta/tá |
པ |
pa |
pa/pá
|
ཁ |
kha |
kʰa/kʰá |
ཆ |
cha |
ʨʰa/ʨʰá |
ཐ |
tha |
tʰa/tʰá |
ཕ |
pha |
pʰa/pʰá
|
ག |
ga |
ga/kʰà |
ཇ |
ja |
ʥa/ʨʰà |
ད |
da |
da/tʰà |
བ |
ba |
ba/pʰà
|
ང |
nga |
ŋa/ŋà |
ཉ |
nya |
ɲa/ɲà |
ན |
na |
na/nà |
མ |
ma |
ma/mà
|
ཙ |
tsa |
tsa/tsá |
ཞ |
zha |
ʑa/ɕà |
ར |
ra |
ra/ʐà |
ཧ |
ha |
ha/há
|
ཚ |
tsha |
tsʰa/tsʰá |
ཟ |
za |
za/sà |
ལ |
la |
la/là |
ཨ |
a |
a/á
|
ཛ |
dza |
dza/tsʰà |
འ |
'a |
ɦa/ʔà |
ཤ |
sha |
ɕa/ɕá
|
ཝ |
wa |
wa/wà |
ཡ |
ya |
ja/jà |
ས |
sa |
sa/sá
|
藏文是記錄了7世紀的古典藏語語音,當時沒有聲調。
標準藏語有四個聲調:調值為55的高平調(標為´或˥˥)、調值為53的降調(標為^或˥˧)、調值為12的低平調(標為`或˩˨)、調值為14的升調(標為ˇ或˩˦)。每個音節的聲調和該音節在7世紀的聲母和韻尾有嚴密的對應關係,以濁輔音字母爲基字的音節在當代藏語裏讀做低平調,以清輔音字母爲基字的音節在標準藏語裏讀做高平調,以 -ག、-གས、-བ、-བས、-ད、-ས、-ངས 和 -མས 為後加字的音節,原本高平調要變爲降調,原本低平調要變爲升調。
藏文有 /a/、/i/、/u/、/e/、/o/ 五個基本元音,每個無附標的藏文字母表示元音為a的音節,在字母上方加附標-ི表示元音為/i/的音節,在字母下方加附標-ུ表示元音為/u/的音節,在字母上方加附標-ེ表示元音為/e/的音節,在字母上方加附標-ོ表示元音為/o/的音節。
More information 前元音, 後元音 ...
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藏文有30個基本單輔音字母,每個字母在7世紀的發音是輔音加元音a。在當代標準藏語的發音出現了有規律的變化,基字聲母為濁塞音、濁擦音和濁塞擦音的字母讀成相對應的送氣清輔音。
More information 雙唇音, 齒音 ...
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在標準藏語中,如果一個音節以ས/s/、ད/d/、ན/n/、ལ/l/為第一後加字,元音要發生音變(sound change),/a/讀成/ɛ/,ོ/o/讀成/ø/,ུ/u/讀成/y/,並且ས/s/、ད/d/兩個後加字不發音,後加字ན/n/和前面的元音合成鼻化元音。
中國國家標準藏語鍵盤佈局
不丹宗喀語鍵盤佈局。
![Thumb](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/KBD-DZ-noshift-2009.png/640px-KBD-DZ-noshift-2009.png)
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