宰桑(蒙古語:ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠰᠠᠩ,中蒙通用轉寫:ǰayisang,西里爾字母:Зайсан;阿爾泰語:Jайзаҥ,羅馬化:ǰayzaŋ),一作寨桑[1],是元代以後通行的蒙古官名,即漢語宰相音譯,為一部落之首領。出身於非黃金家族者稱宰桑,黃金家族後裔則稱為台吉。明代後期,蒙古本部廢除宰桑官職,僅有漠西厄魯特蒙古(包括杜爾伯特部、準噶爾部、和碩特部、輝特部等)仍在使用。
![Thumb](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Huang_Qing_Zhigong_Tu%2C_1769%2C_Mongol_tribal_leader_%28Zaisang%2C_%E5%AE%B0%E6%A1%91%29_from_Ili_and_other_regions%2C_with_his_wife.jpg/640px-Huang_Qing_Zhigong_Tu%2C_1769%2C_Mongol_tribal_leader_%28Zaisang%2C_%E5%AE%B0%E6%A1%91%29_from_Ili_and_other_regions%2C_with_his_wife.jpg)
厄魯特蒙古的基層社會組織是鄂拓克,規模大致相當於內蒙古的旗。鄂拓克自為一小部落,隸屬於準噶爾各部小台吉。宰桑即鄂拓克之長官。一鄂拓克置宰桑一人至三四人不等,「管理一鄂拓克事務」[2]。清滅準噶爾後,廢除準噶爾舊官制,將各部落改編為旗。
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