Hut-sò͘

Hut-sò͘ (弗素, Eng-gí: Fluorine), sī só·-ū í-keng chāi-iáⁿ ê goân-sò· lāi-té siāng-ū oa̍h-sèng--ê, só·-í tī tāi-chū-jiân i lóng-sī í hut-hòa-bu̍t (fluoride) ê hêng-thāi chûn-chāi. Hut-khì (氟氣, F₂) ē chhim-se̍k po-lê kap chio̍h-eng, mā-ē tì-sú to-sò· ê kim-sio̍k sio--khí-lâi. Hut-khì kan-na ē-sái tû-chûn tiàm bó· chi̍t-chióng tâng kap ni-ké-luh ê ha̍p-kim chè-sêng ê iông-khì, sui-bóng i iah-sī ē kah chit-chióng ha̍p-kim choh-iōng, m̄-koh ē tī piáu-bīn hêng-sêng 1-têng pó-hō·-têng, hông-chí kim-sio̍k chìn-chi̍t-pō· koh sán-seng hoán-èng.

Hut-sò͘,  ₉F

Liquid fluorine at cryogenic temperatures
Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō	hut-sò͘, F
Eng-bûn	fluorine
Tông-sò͘-thé	alpha, beta
Gōa-hêng	gas: very pale yellow liquid: bright yellow solid: alpha is opaque, beta is transparent
Hut-sò͘ tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
– ↑ F ↓ Cl sng-sò͘ ← hut-sò͘ → ne-óng
Goân-chú-hoan	9
Goân-chú-liōng (±)	18.998403163(6)[1]
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t	siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k
Cho̍k, hun-khu	17 cho̍k, p khu
Chiu-kî	tē 2 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t	[He] 2s2 2p5[2]
per shell	2, 7
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Siòng	khì-thé
Iûⁿ-tiám	53.48 K ​(−219.67 °C, ​−363.41 °F)[3]
Hut-tiám	85.03 K ​(−188.11 °C, ​−306.60 °F)[3]
Bi̍t-tō͘ at stp (0 °C and 101.325 kPa)	1.696 g·L−1[4]
1.505 g·cm−3[5]
Sam-siòng-tiám	53.48 K, ​90 kPa[3]
Lîm-kài-tiám	144.41 K, 5.1724 MPa[3]
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t	6.51 kJ·mol−1[4]
Jia̍t-iông-liōng	Cp: 31 J·mol−1·K−1[5] (at 21.1 °C) Cv: 23 J·mol−1·K−1[5] (at 21.1 °C)
cheng-khì-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k tī T (K) 38 44 50 58 69 85
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘	−1 ​(oxidizes oxygen)
Tiān-hū-tō͘	Pauling scale: 3.98[2]
Tiān-lī-lêng	1st: 1681 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 3374 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 6147 kJ·mol−1 (more)[6]
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng	64 pm[7]
Van der Waals pòaⁿ-kèng	135 pm[8]
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō	​cubic
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t	0.02591 W·m−1·K−1[9]
Chû-sèng	diamagnetic (−1.2×10−4)[10][11]
CAS teng-kì pian-hō	7782-41-4[2]
Le̍k-sú
Hō-miâ	after the mineral fluorite, itself named after Latin fluo (to flow, in smelting)
Hoat-hiān	André-Marie Ampère (1810)
Siōng chá hû-lî	Henri Moissan[2] (June 26, 1886)
hō-miâ	Humphry Davy
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
Chú bûn-chiong: hut-sò͘ ê tông-ūi-sò͘
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 18F trace 109.77 min β+ (96.9%) 0.634 18O ε (3.1%) 1.656 18O 19F 100% 19F is stable with 10 neutrons

Hoà-ha̍p-bu̍t

Hut-sò͘ kóng-hoàn hun-pò͘ tī chū-jiân-kài, tē-khak ū 0.032% (320 ppm) sī i lâi cho͘-sêng. Hut-sò͘ kah kim-sio̍k hêng-sêng hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t, chia-ê hut-hòa-bu̍t tāi-pō͘-hūn ē iôⁿ tī chúi--nih, m̄-koh a-lú-mih, iân, khó͘-thó͘, Khā-lú-siúm téng ê hut-hòa-bu̍t tio̍h sio̍k-î bē iôⁿ he̍k pháiⁿ iôⁿ î chúi.

Êng-chio̍h (螢石, fluorite) he̍k hut-hoà khā-lú-siúm (fluorspar, CaF₂) sī chú-iàu hâm hut-sò͘ ê khòng-bu̍t, kî-tiong hut-sò͘ tāi-iok chiàm 48.8%, ah peng-cheng-chio̍h (冰晶石, cryolite) he̍k hexafluoroaluminate-sng natrium (Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, Na₃AlF₆) sī khah-chió khòaⁿ--kìⁿ ê hâm-hut khòng-bu̍t, khiok-sī lī kang-gia̍p lāi-té pit-iàu ê goân-bu̍t-liāu.

Hut-sò͘-lîn-hoe-chio̍h (弗素燐灰石, fluorapatite, Ca₁₀[PO₄]F₂) sī lîn-sng-chio̍h ê chú-iàu sêng-hun, sī lîn-pûi ê goân-bu̍t-liāu, kî-tiong hut-sò͘ chiàm 3.8%.

In-ūi hut-sò͘ phó͘-phiàn chûn-chāi tī tē-khak, tē-kiû siōng só͘-ū hêng-sek ê chúi lóng-ū bô-kâng lông-tō͘ ê fluorine. Hut-sò͘ tī ím-iōng-chúi ê lông-tō͘, tī Bí-kok sī khah-chió î 0.1 ppm kàu 16 ppm, tī Eng-kok sī khah-chió î 0.1 ppm kàu 5.8 ppm, ah tī Hui-chiu bó͘ chi̍t-kóa só͘-chāi sīm-chì ē koân kàu 95 ppm. Tī hái-chúi--nih hut-sò͘ ê lông-tō͘ sī 0.8 ppm kàu 1.4 ppm.

Chham-khó

1. 2013 Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
2. Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 381.
3. Haynes 2011, p. 4.121.
4. Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 382.
5. Compressed Gas Association 1999, p. 365.
6. Dean 1999, p. 4.6.
7. Dean 1999, p. 4.35.
8. Matsui 2006, p. 257.
9. Yaws & Braker 2001, p. 385.
10. Mackay, Mackay & Henderson 2002, p. 72.
11. Cheng et al. 1999.