麻瘋樹屬(學名:Jatropha)也稱麻風樹屬,是大戟科下大戟屬被子植物的一個屬。它包含約170多種植物,為多肉植物、灌木和樹木(有些為落葉植物,如桐油樹)。該屬分佈於熱帶和亞熱帶地區。[2]其中大部分原產於美洲,在舊大陸有66種[3]。植物生產單獨的雄花和雌花。 與大戟科的許多成員一樣,麻風樹含有劇毒的化合物。 傳統上,麻風樹品種已用於制籃,製革和染料生產。 在2000年代,一種麻瘋樹桐油樹(Jatropha curcas)引起了作為生物柴油生產的油料作物的興趣。
屬名Jatropha源於希臘語itros(醫生)和trophe(食物)的合成詞,指本屬植物多為藥用。
物種
本屬包括以下物種:
- Jatropha acanthophylla Loefgr.
- Jatropha aceroides (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Hutch.
- Jatropha aculeatissima Colla
- Jatropha aethiopica Müll.Arg.
- Jatropha afrotuberosa Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts
- Jatropha alamanii Müll.Arg.
- Jatropha andrieuxii Müll.Arg.
- Jatropha angustidens Brandegee, 1891
- Jatropha angustifolia Griseb.
- Jatropha angustifolia Steud.
- Jatropha arborea Glaz.
- Jatropha aspleniifolia Pax
- Jatropha atacorensis A.Chev.
- Jatropha augusti Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Jatropha bartlettii Wilbur
- Jatropha baumii Pax
- 錦珊瑚 Jatropha berlandieri Torr., 1859,為Jatropha cathartica Terán & Berland.的異名
- Jatropha botswanica Radcl.-Sm.
- Jatropha breviloba (Morong) Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Jatropha brockmanii Hutch.
- Jatropha bullockii E.J.Lott
- Jatropha calcarea Fern.Casas
- Jatropha calyculata Vahl ex Steud.
- Jatropha campestris S.Moore
- Jatropha canescens (Benth.) Müll.Arg.
- Jatropha capensis (L.f.) Sond.
- Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Müll.Arg.
- Jatropha cathartica Terán & Berland.
- Jatropha catingae Ule
- Jatropha chamelensis Pérez-Jim.
- Jatropha chazaroi O.Sanchez, J.Jimenez Ram. & Arzaba, 2023
- Jatropha chevalieri Beille
- Jatropha ciliata Sessé
- Jatropha cinerea (Ortega) Müll.Arg.
- Jatropha clavuligera Müll.Arg.
- Jatropha cleomifolia Müll.Arg., 1874
- Jatropha cluytioides Pax & K.Hoffm., 1910
- Jatropha collina Thulin
- Jatropha confusa Hutch.
- Jatropha contrerasii J.Jiménez Ram. & Mart.Gord.
- Jatropha conzattii J.Jiménez Ram.
- Jatropha cordata (Ortega) Müll.Arg.
- Jatropha costaricensis G.L.Webster & Poveda
- Jatropha crinita Müll.Arg.
- Jatropha cuneata Wiggins & Rollins
- 桐油樹 Jatropha curcas L.,麻風樹
- Jatropha decipiens M.E.Jones
- Jatropha decumbens Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Jatropha dehganii J.Jiménez Ram.
- Jatropha dhofarica Radcl.-Sm.
- Jatropha dichtar J.F.Macbr.
- Jatropha dioica Sessé
- Jatropha dioica Sessé ex Cerv.
- Jatropha dissecta (Chodat & Hassl.) Pax
- Jatropha divaricata Sw.
- Jatropha diversifolia Steud.
- Jatropha elbae J.Jiménez Ram.
- Jatropha ellenbeckii Pax
- Jatropha elliptica (Pohl) Oken
- Jatropha elliptica Müll.Arg., 1874
- Jatropha erythropoda Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Jatropha euarguta M.G.Gilbert & Thulin
- Jatropha excisa Griseb.
- Jatropha fischeri Steud.
- Jatropha fremontioides Standl.
- Jatropha gallabatensis Schweinf.
- Jatropha galvanii J.Jiménez Ram. & L.M.Contr.
- Jatropha gaumeri Greenm.
- Jatropha giffordiana Dehgan & G.L.Webster
- Jatropha glandulifera Roxb.
- Jatropha glauca Vahl
- Jatropha glaucovirens Pax & K.Hoffm.
- 棉葉珊瑚花 Jatropha gossypiifolia L.
- Jatropha grossidentata Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Jatropha guaranitica Speg.
- Jatropha hastata Griseb.
- Jatropha hernandiifolia Vent.
- Jatropha heynei N.P.Balakr.
- Jatropha hieronymi Kuntze
- Jatropha hildebrandtii Pax
- Jatropha hildebrandtii Radcl.-Sm.
- Jatropha hippocastanifolia Croizat
- Jatropha hirsuta Hochst.
- Jatropha horizontalis M.G.Gilbert
- Jatropha humboldtiana McVaugh
- Jatropha humifusa Thulin
- Jatropha hypogyna Radcl.-Sm. & Thulin
- Jatropha inaequispina Thulin
- 琴葉珊瑚 Jatropha integerrima Jacq.
- Jatropha intermedia (Chodat & Hassl.) Pax
- Jatropha isabellei Müll.Arg.
- Jatropha jaimejimenezii V.W.Steinm.
- Jatropha kamerunica Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Jatropha krusei J.Jiménez Ram. & Mart.Gord.
- Jatropha laciniosa Mart., 1874
- Jatropha lagarinthoides Sond.
- Jatropha latifolia Pax
- Jatropha loeflingii Aresch.
- Jatropha longibracteata A.S.Moreira & Carn.-Torres, 2020[4]
- Jatropha loristipula Radcl.-Sm.
- Jatropha macrantha Müll.Arg.
- Jatropha macrocarpa Griseb.
- Jatropha macrophylla Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Jatropha macrorhiza Benth.
- Jatropha mahafalensis Jum. & H.Perrier
- Jatropha maheshwarii Subram. & M.P.Nayar
- Jatropha malacophylla Standl.
- Jatropha marginata Chiov.
- Jatropha marmorata Thulin
- Jatropha martiusii (Pohl) Baill.
- Jatropha mcvaughii Dehgan & G.L.Webster
- Jatropha melanosperma Pax
- Jatropha microdonta Radcl.-Sm.
- Jatropha mirandana J.Jiménez Ram. & K.Vega
- Jatropha miskatensis Thulin
- Jatropha mollis Pax
- Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill.
- Jatropha moluccana Wall., 1847
- Jatropha monroi S.Moore
- Jatropha moranii Dehgan & G.L.Webster
- 珊瑚花 Jatropha multifida L.,紅珊瑚
- Jatropha mutabilis (Pohl) Baill.
- Jatropha nana Dalzell & A.Gibson
- Jatropha napaeifolia Desr., 1797
- Jatropha natalensis Müll.Arg.
- Jatropha neopauciflora Pax
- Jatropha neriifolia Müll.Arg.
- Jatropha nibifolia Baill.
- Jatropha nogalensis Chiov.
- Jatropha nudicaulis Benth.
- Jatropha oaxacana J.Jiménez Ram. & R.Torres
- Jatropha obbiadensis Chiov.
- Jatropha oblanceolata Radcl.-Sm.
- Jatropha orangeana Dinter ex P.G.Mey.
- Jatropha ortegae Standl.
- Jatropha osteocarpa Schott ex Pohl, 1827
- Jatropha pachypoda Pax
- Jatropha pachyrrhiza Radcl.-Sm.
- Jatropha paganuccii A.S.Moreira & Carn.-Torres, 2020[4]
- Jatropha palmatifida Baker
- Jatropha palmatipartita Dehgan
- Jatropha palustris Sessé & Moc.
- Jatropha panduraefolia Andri
- Jatropha paradoxa (Chiov.) Chiov.
- Jatropha pauciflora C.Wright ex Griseb.
- Jatropha paviaefolia Steud., 1840
- Jatropha paxii Croizat
- Jatropha pedersenii Lourteig
- Jatropha peiranoi Lourteig & O'Donell
- Jatropha pelargoniifolia Courbon
- Jatropha peltata Sessé
- Jatropha pereziae J.Jiménez Ram.
- Jatropha phillipseae Rendle
- 佛肚樹 Jatropha podagrica Hook.
- Jatropha prunifolia Pax
- Jatropha prunifolia Pax ex Engl.
- Jatropha pseudocurcas Müll.Arg.
- Jatropha purpura Rose & Pax
- Jatropha purpurea Rose
- Jatropha purpureorostata Steud., 1840
- Jatropha ribifolia (Pohl) Baill.
- Jatropha riojae Miranda
- Jatropha rivae Pax
- Jatropha robecchii Pax
- Jatropha rosea Radcl.-Sm.
- Jatropha rufescens Brandegee
- Jatropha rzedowskii J.Jiménez Ram.
- Jatropha scaposa Radcl.-Sm.
- Jatropha schlechteri Pax
- Jatropha schweinfurthii Pax
- Jatropha seineri Pax
- Jatropha somalensis Pax
- Jatropha sotoi-nunyezii Fern.Casas & E.Martínez
- Jatropha spicata Pax
- Jatropha spinosa Vahl
- Jatropha spinosissima Thulin
- Jatropha standleyi Steyerm.
- Jatropha standleyi Steyerm. ex Standl., 1940
- Jatropha stephani J.Jiménez Ram. & Mart.Gord.
- Jatropha stevensii G.L.Webster
- Jatropha stipulacea Müll.Arg.
- Jatropha stuhlmannii Pax
- Jatropha subaequiloba Radcl.-Sm.
- Jatropha sympetala S.F.Blake & Standl.
- Jatropha tanjorensis J.L.Ellis & Saroja
- Jatropha tehuantepecana J.Jiménez Ram. & A.Campos Vilb.
- Jatropha tenuicaulis Thulin
- Jatropha tertiaria Berry, 1929
- Jatropha tetracantha Chiov.
- Jatropha tirucalli L.
- Jatropha tlalcozotitlanensis J.Jiménez Ram.
- Jatropha trifida Chiov.
- Jatropha tropaeolifolia Pax
- Jatropha tupifolia Griseb.
- Jatropha uncinulata Radcl.-Sm.
- Jatropha unicostata Balf.f.
- Jatropha urens Kunth, 1817
- Jatropha variabilis Radcl.-Sm.
- Jatropha variegata Vahl
- Jatropha variifolia Pax
- Jatropha velutina Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Jatropha vernicosa Brandegee
- Jatropha villosa Wight
- Jatropha viminea Retz. ex Steud.
- Jatropha weberbaueri Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Jatropha websteri J.Jiménez Ram.
- Jatropha weddeliana Baill.
- Jatropha woodii Kuntze
- Jatropha zeyheri Sond.
- 雜交種:
- Jatropha ×ceballosii Fern.Casas
- Jatropha ×hastifolia Fern.Casas
- 歸入本屬的物種:
- Adenoropium coccinea Steud., 1840
- Adenoropium forskohlii Pohl
- Curcas adansonii Endl. ex Heynh., 1846
圖片
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在尼加拉瓜,馬那瓜,El Crucero的麻風樹multifida花。
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在尼加拉瓜,馬那瓜,El Crucero的麻風樹multifida植物。
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在尼加拉瓜,馬那瓜,El Crucero的麻風樹multifida花與藍色蝴蝶。
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在尼加拉瓜,馬那瓜,El Crucero的麻風樹multifida花和葉子。
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Jatropha integerrima
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珊瑚油桐
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Jatropha pandurifolia
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珊瑚油桐的特寫
參考文獻
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