無理逮捕及拘禁

無理逮捕（英語：arbitrary arrest）及無理拘禁（arbitrary detention）指在沒有合理可能或證據表明某人犯下違反法規的罪行的情況下逮捕或羈留該人。^[1]

幾乎所有遭無理逮捕的人都沒有被告知逮捕原因，也沒人向他們出示逮捕手令。^[2]他們可能會被隔離囚禁，他們的下落會對其家人、相聯人士及主審法庭（英語：Trial court）隱瞞。^[3]^[4]

國際人權法禁止無理剝奪個人自由。1948年《世界人權宣言》第九條訂定：「任何人不容加以無理逮捕、拘禁或放逐。」^[5]《公民權利及政治權利國際公約》第九條指明：「人人有權享有身體自由及人身安全。任何人不得無理予以逮捕或拘禁。非依法定理由及程序，不得剝奪任何人之自由。」^[6]

伊拉克獨裁者薩達姆·侯賽因、沙地阿拉伯及伊朗伊斯蘭共和國無理逮捕過許多人。^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

[1]
Freedom from Arbitrary Arrest and Exile. Human Rights Law. United Nations Cyber Schoolbus. 2006-11-09 [2007-09-30]. （原始內容存檔於2007-07-17）.
[2]
Human Rights Violations by the Indonesian Armed Forces. Human Rights. Human Rights Watch. 1998-06-27 [2007-09-30]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-10）.
[3]
Arbitrary arrest / Incommunicado detention / Risks of ill-treatment - SYR 003 / 0506 / OBS 060. Human Rights. International Federation for Human Rights. 2006-05-15 [2007-09-30]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-10）.
[4]
Enforced Disappearance and Incommunicado Detention in China. Human Rights. World Organisation Against Torture. 2007-08-31 [2007-09-30]. （原始內容存檔於2010-06-03）.
[5]
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Human Rights. United Nations. 1998-12-01 [2007-09-30]. （原始內容存檔於29 September 2007）.
[6]
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 9
[7]
Saudi Arabia: arrests of dissidents and torture allegations continue | Saudi Arabia | The Guardian. amp.theguardian.com. [2023-09-15]. （原始內容存檔於2024-03-05）.
[8]
Kelly, Michael. The Rape and Rescue of Kuwaiti City. The New Republic. 1991-03-24 [2023-09-15]. ISSN 0028-6583. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-12）.
[9]
Jamal Khashoggi: Saudi embassy street in US renamed after murdered journalist. BBC News. 2022-06-16 [2023-09-15]. （原始內容存檔於2024-01-20）（英國英語）.
[10]
Iran protests: Secret committee 'punished celebrities over dissent'. BBC News. 2023-04-25 [2023-09-15]. （原始內容存檔於2024-03-05）（英國英語）.
[11]
Frater, Mostafa Salem,Catherine Nicholls,James. Belgian aid worker jailed in Iran is freed after prisoner swap deal. CNN. 2023-05-26 [2023-09-15]. （原始內容存檔於2023-07-18）（英語）.

Behind the Wire: An Update to Ending Secret Detentions (2005), Human Rights First

[1] [1]
Freedom from Arbitrary Arrest and Exile. Human Rights Law. United Nations Cyber Schoolbus. 2006-11-09 [2007-09-30]. （原始內容存檔於2007-07-17）.

[2] [2]
Human Rights Violations by the Indonesian Armed Forces. Human Rights. Human Rights Watch. 1998-06-27 [2007-09-30]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-10）.

[3] [3]
Arbitrary arrest / Incommunicado detention / Risks of ill-treatment - SYR 003 / 0506 / OBS 060. Human Rights. International Federation for Human Rights. 2006-05-15 [2007-09-30]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-10）.

[4] [4]
Enforced Disappearance and Incommunicado Detention in China. Human Rights. World Organisation Against Torture. 2007-08-31 [2007-09-30]. （原始內容存檔於2010-06-03）.

[5] [5]
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Human Rights. United Nations. 1998-12-01 [2007-09-30]. （原始內容存檔於29 September 2007）.

[6] [6]
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 9

[7] [7]
Saudi Arabia: arrests of dissidents and torture allegations continue | Saudi Arabia | The Guardian. amp.theguardian.com. [2023-09-15]. （原始內容存檔於2024-03-05）.

[8] [8]
Kelly, Michael. The Rape and Rescue of Kuwaiti City. The New Republic. 1991-03-24 [2023-09-15]. ISSN 0028-6583. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-12）.

[9] [9]
Jamal Khashoggi: Saudi embassy street in US renamed after murdered journalist. BBC News. 2022-06-16 [2023-09-15]. （原始內容存檔於2024-01-20）（英國英語）.

[10] [10]
Iran protests: Secret committee 'punished celebrities over dissent'. BBC News. 2023-04-25 [2023-09-15]. （原始內容存檔於2024-03-05）（英國英語）.

[11] [11]
Frater, Mostafa Salem,Catherine Nicholls,James. Belgian aid worker jailed in Iran is freed after prisoner swap deal. CNN. 2023-05-26 [2023-09-15]. （原始內容存檔於2023-07-18）（英語）.

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無理逮捕及拘禁

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