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来自维基百科，自由的百科全书
委內瑞拉陸軍，正式名稱為委內瑞拉玻利瓦爾共和國國家軍(西班牙語：Ejército Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela), 是委內瑞拉武裝部隊的六個軍種之一。[2] 該軍隊要參與陸上地面軍事行動，並應對可能危及國家主權的外部或內部威脅。[2]
 | 此條目目前正依照其他維基百科上的內容進行翻譯。 (2022年4月23日) |
| 委內瑞拉玻利瓦爾共和國國家軍 | |
|---|---|
| Ejército Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela | |
委內瑞拉軍徽 | |
| 成立時間 | 1810年4月19日 |
| 國家或地區 |  委內瑞拉 |
| 功能 | 保護國家的永久主權免受任何外部或內部威脅。 |
| 規模 | 115,000 (2021)[1] |
| 直屬 |  委內瑞拉人民政權國防部 |
| 冠名自 | Our Lady of Mount Carmel |
| 格言 | "自由的締造者" |
| 專用顏色 | 藍色和紅 |
| 進行曲 | Venezuelan National Army Hymn (Himno del Ejercito Nacional Bolivariano de Venezuela) |
| 紀念日 | 6 月 24 日 |
| 參與戰役 | |
| 指揮官 | |
| 人民政權國防部長 | 總司令 弗拉迪米爾·帕德里諾·洛佩斯 |
| 委內瑞拉戰略作戰司令部司令 | 上將 Remigio Ceballos |
| 委內瑞拉陸軍司令 | 少將 Jesús Suárez Chourio |
| 委內瑞拉陸軍參謀長 | Divisional General Francisco Antonio Espinoza Guyón |
| 著名指揮官 | |
| 標識 | |
| Flag |  |
陸軍直接聽令於人民政權國防部。陸軍分為六個作戰兵種和四個指揮部：作戰、後勤、教育和陸軍航空兵。
委內瑞拉陸軍指揮官、官兵、技術員和軍醫均畢業於委內瑞拉玻利瓦爾軍事大學軍事院校，並且會被授予少尉軍銜，院校如下:
With the beginning of the Venezuelan War of Independence on 19 April 1810 and the subsequent war in the country, a 軍校 was created in 1810 by decree of the Supreme Board of 加拉加斯 for the training of officers for the 共和主義 cause. The 保皇派 reaction was fast and by 1812 the First Republic of Venezuela was dissolved. A war to the death begun (guerra a muerte), with neither side giving quarter. On 11 April 1817, 1,800 Republicans under General Píer won a major victory against the Royalists at San Félix (southeast of Caracas), where the revolutionaries defeated 1,500 Royalists under General Nicolás María Cerruti. The Royalists suffered 593 dead and 497 captured, of whom 160 peninsulares (西班牙人 born in the 伊比利亞半島). All of the Spaniards were 斬首. The Republicans lost 31 dead and 65 wounded.
The war continued until 1824 with successes and failures on each side. On 7 August 1819, the army of 新格林納達共和國, under the command of the Liberator 西蒙·玻利瓦爾, defeats the Royalist troops under the command of General José María Barreiro in the Battle of Boyacá, being the first republic of the so-called Bolivarianas (Bolivarians) to obtain their independence of the 西班牙帝國; a day that also celebrates the National Army of Colombia.
The liberating army, whose central nucleus are the infantry battalions of Rifle troops, 跳躍者, Vencedores, the British Legions, plus the contingents of the 槍騎兵 Bravos de Apure of General 何塞·安東尼奧·派斯·埃雷拉, and whose contingents are made up mainly of Colombian-Venezuelan troops under the supreme leadership of Bolívar, are now waging the Venezuelan campaign as part of 大哥倫比亞共和國. On 24 June 1821, the Republicans obtained a decisive victory over the Royalists in the battle at Battle of Carabobo, and today is celebrated as the day of the Venezuelan Army.
After the Battle of Carabobo, the remnants of the Royalist armies that managed to escape from the battlefield took refuge in 卡貝略港, while in the east they did the same in 庫馬納. Cumaná was taken shortly after by the Republicans, but the heavily fortified city of Puerto Cabello resisted under 攻城戰 until 1823, during which time it served as the base for the Spanish reconquest of territories in western Venezuela.
Afterwards, these troops take part in the Southern Campaign under the command of 元帥 安東尼奧·何塞·蘇克雷, and went on to liberate 厄瓜多爾 in the 皮欽查戰役, Peru in the Battle of Junín, and Upper Peru (today 玻利維亞) in the 阿亞庫喬戰役.
20世紀，委內瑞拉當局依據普魯士模式下對軍隊進行改革，這使得軍隊走上了現代化和專業化道路。不過隨之而來的是軍隊開始干預國政，委內瑞拉出現政治不穩定、政變和獨裁統治等局面。在1940年至1958年期間，軍國主義在該國政治中佔主導地位，1952年時任國防部長希門內斯自任臨時總統，推翻委內瑞拉合眾國，建立了現在的政權。1958年，民主運動最終迫使軍方停止干預國政。
隨着佩雷斯希門尼斯的推翻和民主的回歸，委內瑞拉軍隊開始對付國內的由委內瑞拉共產黨和左翼革命運動（Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria ，MIR）的極端分子領導的民族解放武裝部隊（Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional，FALN）。此外委內瑞拉軍隊也參與了聯合國在尼加拉瓜的維和行動。
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21世紀，委內瑞拉軍隊從俄羅斯手中購買了大量軍備，該國軍隊幾乎實現了全面現代化。[5][6]
委內瑞拉武裝部隊是拉丁美洲第四大軍隊，僅次於巴西、哥倫比亞和墨西哥的軍隊。[7]
| 起源 | 型號 | 口徑 | 細節 | 圖片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 突擊步槍 | ||||
 俄羅斯 委內瑞拉
|
AK-103 | 7.62×39mm | 根據許可證生產 於 2006 年以 5200 萬美元購買了彈藥。2006 年以 4.746 億美元簽訂了兩份生產 AK-103 的合同。 標準型突擊步槍。 | 
|
 比利時
|
FN FNC | 5.56×45mm NATO | 玻利瓦爾國民警衛隊的隊員也使用。 | 
|
 法國
|
FAMAS F1 | 5.56×45mm NATO | 特種部隊旅在數量有限的情況下使用。 | 
|
| 戰鬥步槍 | ||||
| 比利時
|
FN FAL | 7.62×51mm NATO | 
| |
| 機槍 | ||||
| 比利時
|
FN Minimi | 5.56×45mm NATO | 
| |
| 比利時
|
FN MAG通用機槍 | 7.62×51mm NATO | 
| |
 美國
|
M60 | 7.62×51mm NATO | ||
| 美國
|
白朗寧M2重機槍 | 12.7×99mm NATO | 
| |
| 衝鋒槍 | ||||
 德國
|
H&K MP5 | 9×19mm NATO | 
| |
 以色列
|
Uzi | 9×19mm NATO | 
| |
| 委內瑞拉
|
CAVIM Orinoco IV | 9×19mm NATO | 新的本土設計衝鋒槍 | 
|
| 比利時
|
FN P90 | 5.7×28mm | 
| |
 中國
|
長風衝鋒槍[8] | 9×19mm NATO | 在陸軍第 509 特種部隊營服役。 | |
| 手槍 | ||||
 奧地利
|
Glock 17 | 9×19mm NATO | 
| |
| 比利時
|
白朗寧大威力半自動手槍 | 9×19mm NATO | 
| |
| 狙擊步槍 | ||||
| 美國
|
M14 | 7.62×51mm NATO | _(7414626342).jpg)
| |
| 美國
|
M700 | 
| ||
| 俄羅斯
|
SVD[9] | 7.62×54mmR | .jpg)
| |
| 火箭推進榴彈/反戰車飛彈 | ||||
 瑞典
|
AT4 | 84×1020mm | ||
| 瑞典
|
RBS 70 | 106mm | 
| |
| 俄羅斯
|
9K338 Igla-S (SA-24 Grinch) | 72mm | [10] | .jpg)
|
| 俄羅斯
|
RPG-7[11] | 40mm | 
| |
| Technical Non-commissioned officers and Warrant officers (Army shoulder boards) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sargento Técnico de Tercera (Junior Warrant Officer) |
Sargento Técnico de Segunda |
Sargento Técnico de Primera (Third Warrant Officer) |
Maestro Técnico de Tercera (Second Warrant Officer) |
Maestro Técnico de Segunda (First Warrant Officer) |
Maestro Técnico de Primera |
Maestro Técnico Mayor |
Maestro Técnico Supervisor (Chief Warrant Officer) |
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 |
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| Commanding Generals of the Venezuelan Army | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Commanding General | Term in office | ||
| MGEN Francisco Rodríguez del Toro | April 1810– July 1811 | ||
| Generalissimo 弗朗西斯科·德·米蘭達 | Jul 1811 – Aug. 1812 | ||
| Office of Commanding General of the Army was vacant from 1812 to January 1813. | |||
| GEN Santiago Mariño | Jan. 1813 – Jun. 1813 | ||
| GEN 西蒙·玻利瓦爾 (first term) | May 1813 – Dec 1814 | ||
| Office of Commanding General of the Army was vacant from December 1814 to May 1815. | |||
| General in Chief José Tadeo Monagas | May 1815 | ||
| Office of Commanding General of the Army was vacant from May 1815 to May 1816. | |||
| GEN Simón Bolívar (second term) | May 1816 – Aug. 1821 | ||
| GEN Carlos Soublette | Ago. 1821 – Dic. 1822 | ||
| GEN 何塞·安東尼奧·派斯·埃雷拉 | Dec. 1822 – Jan 1847 | ||
| General in Chief José Tadeo Monagas (2nd term) | May 1847 – May 1858 | ||
| GEN Santiago Mariño (acting) | Jun 1848 – August 1848 | ||
| GEN Julián Castro (Venezuelan president) | March 1858 – August 1859 (acting till May 1858) | ||
| GEN Pedro E. Ramos | Aug 1859 – Dec 1859 | ||
| GEN León de Febres Cordero | Dec 1859 – May 1861 | ||
| GEN 何塞·安東尼奧·派斯·埃雷拉 (2nd term) | May 1861 – Jul 1863 | ||
| GEN Juan Crisóstomo Falcón | Jul. 1863 – April 1868 | ||
| GEN León Colina (acting) | 1864 | ||
| GEN Antonio Guzmán Blanco (acting) | 1866 | ||
| GEN Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual | April 1868 – Jul. 1868 | ||
| GEN José Tadeo Monagas (3rd term) | Jul. 1868 – Nov. 1868 | ||
| GEN Juan Antonio Sotillo | Nov. 1868 – May 1869 | ||
| GEN José Ruperto Monagas | May 1869 – April 1870 | ||
| GEN Antonio Guzmán Blanco (2nd term) | April 1870 – Feb. 1877 | ||
| GEN Francisco Linares Alcántara | Feb. 1877 – Feb. 1879 | ||
| GEN José Gregorio Valera | Nov. 1878 – Feb. 1879 (acting till early February 1879) | ||
| GEN José Gregorio Cedeño | Feb. 1879 (acting, served 12 days) | ||
| GEN Antonio Guzmán Blanco (3rd term) | Feb. 1879 – May 1884 | ||
| GEN Joaquín Crespo | May 1884 – April 1886 | ||
| GEN Antonio Guzmán Blanco (4th term) | April 1886 – August 1887 | ||
| GEN Hermógenes López | August 1887 – June 1888 | ||
| Doctor Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl | Jul. 1888 – Mar. 1890 | ||
| Doctor Raimundo Andueza Palacio | Mar. 1890 – Oct. 1892 | ||
| GEN Joaquín Crespo (2nd term) | Oct. 1892 – Feb. 1898 | ||
| LTGEN Ignacio Andrade | Feb. 1898 – Oct. 1899 | ||
| LTGEN 西普里亞諾·卡斯特羅 | Oct. 1899 – Nov. 1908 | ||
| LTGEN 胡安·比森特·戈麥斯 | Nov. 1908 – Dec. 1935 | ||
| LTGEN Eleazar López Contreras | Dec. 1935 – May 1941 | ||
| MGEN Isaías Medina Angarita | May 1941 – Oct 1945 | ||
| LTCOL Carlos Delgado Chalbaud | Oct. 1945 – Nov. 1948 | ||
| LTCOL (later COL, BRIG and MGEN) 馬科斯·佩雷斯·希門內斯 | Nov. 1948 – Aug 1954 | ||
| BRIG Hugo Fuentes | Aug 1954 – Dec. 1957 | ||
| BRIG Rafael Virgilio Vivas | Dec. 1957 – Jan. 1958 | ||
| Office of Commanding General of the Army was vacant from January 1958 to January 1959. | |||
| BRIG Marco A. Moros A. | Jan 1959 – Feb. 1960 | ||
| MGEN Pedro J. Quevedo D. | Feb. 1960 – Jul. 1964 | ||
| BRIG Pablo A. Flores A. | Jul. 1964 – Ene. 1968 | ||
| MGEN Roberto Morean Soto | Ene. 1968 – Feb. 1970 | ||
| MGEN Víctor M. Maldonado | Feb. 1970 – Sep. 1971 | ||
| MGEN Homero I. Leal T. | Sep. 1971 – Feb. 1973 | ||
| BRIG Juan Manuel Sucre Figarella | Feb. 1973 – April 1974 | ||
| MGEN Manuel I. Bereciartu P. | Apr. 1974 – Oct. 1975 | ||
| MGEN Víctor M. Molino V. | Oct. 1975 – Jun. 1977 | ||
| MGEN Ernesto Brandt T. | Jun. 1977 -Jun. 1978 | ||
| MGEN Arnaldo Castro | Jun. 1978 – May 1979 | ||
| MGEN Ángel V. Berrio Brito | May 1979 – Jun. 1979 | ||
| MGEN Tomás Abreu R. | Jun. 1979 – Jan. 1980 | ||
| MGen Rafael G. Marín. G. | Jan. 1980 – Jun. 1981 | ||
| MGEN Vicente L. Narváez O. | Jun. 1981 – Jun. 1982 | ||
| MGEN Luis Octavio Romero | Jun. 1982 – Jun. 1983 | ||
| MGEN Luís J. Silva Tirado | Jun. 1983 – Jun. 1984 | ||
| MGEN José A. Olavarría | Jun. 1984 – Jun. 1985 | ||
| MGEN José Humberto Vivas | Jun. 1985 – Jun. 1986 | ||
| MGEN Elidoro A. Guerrero | Jun. 1986 – Jun. 1987 | ||
| MGEN Italo del Valle Alliegro | Jun. 1987 – Jun. 1988 | ||
| MGEN José María Troconis Peraza | Jun. 1988 – Jun. 1989 | ||
| MGEN Carlos J. Peñaloza Z. | Jun. 1989 – Jun. 1991 | ||
| MGEN Pedro. R. Rangel R. | Jun. 1991 – Jun. 1993 | ||
| MGEN Jorge I. Tagliaferro De Lima | Jun. 1993 – Jan 1994 | ||
| MGEN Moisés A. Orozco Graterol | Feb 1994 – Dec 1994 | ||
| Office of Commanding General of the Army was vacant from December 1994 to January the following year. | |||
| MGEN Pedro N. Valencia V. | Jan. 1995 – Jul. 1996 | ||
| MGEN Pedro Hernández G. | Jul. 1996 – Jul. 1997 | ||
| MGEN Wilfredo J. Guerrero Z. | Jun. 1997 – Jul. 1998 | ||
| MGEN Rubén M. Rojas Pérez | Jul. 1998 – Feb. 1999 | ||
| MGEN Noel E. Martínez Ochoa | Feb. 1999 – Aug. 1999 | ||
| MGEN Lucas Rincón Romero* | Aug. 1999 – Jun. 2001 | ||
| MGEN Víctor A. Cruz Weffer | Jun. 2001 – Dec 2001 | ||
| BRIG (later MGEN) Efraín Vásquez Velasco | Dec. 2001 – Apr. 2002 | ||
| MGEN Julio J. García Montoya | April 2002 – Jan. 2003 | ||
| MGEN Jorge Luis García Carneiro* | Jan. 2003 – Jan. 2004 | ||
| MGEN Raúl Isaías Baduel* | Jan. 2004 – Jul. 2006 | ||
| MGEN Pedro Azuaje Apitz | Jul. 2006 – Jul. 2007 | ||
| LTGEN Carlos Mata Figueroa* | Jul. 2007 – Mar. 2009 | ||
| LTGEN Juan Vicente Paredes Torrealba | Mar. 2009 – Jul. 2010 | ||
| LTGEN Euclides Campos Aponte | Jul. 2010 – Jul. 2012 | ||
| LTGEN Carlos Alcalá Cordones | Jul. 2012 – Jul. 2013 | ||
| LTGEN Alexis Ascension López Ramírez | Jul. 2012 – Jul. 2014 | ||
| LTGEN Gerardo Izquierdo Torres | Jul. 2014– July 2015 | ||
| LTGEN Juan de Jesús García Toussaintt | July 2015 – June 2017 | ||
| LTGEN Jesús Rafael Suárez Chourio | June 2017 – | ||
Its mission, as the ground forces of the 委內瑞拉軍事, is to:
In accordance with the Article 9 of the National Armed Forces Organic Law as amended, the functions of the Army are to
Chorus
Chorus
Chorus
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99th Army Special Operations Brigade[12]
The 79th Andes Air Defense Artillery Brigade reports directly to the Operational Strategic Command, while being in the 2ID's territorial jurisdiction.
Since 2016 the newly created 34th CCB reports also to the Operational Strategic Command.
(*): Marks promotion to the rank of full General (and appointment as Minister of Defense) after serving term as Commanding General of the Army
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